Forebrain

forebrain principle structures

cerebral cortex/basal ganglia/limbic system/thalamus/hypothalamus

midbrain principle structures

tectum tegmentum

hindbrain principle structures

cerebellum/pons/medulla oblangata

cerebral cortex

outermost layer of gray matter (glial and cell bodies)

subcortical region

located within the brain, beneath the cortical surface

subcortical region structures

limbic system and basal ganglia

sulcus

a groove in the surface of the cerebral hemisphere, smaller than a fissure

fissure

large grooves in the surface of the brain

gyrus

a convolution of the cortex separated by sulci or fissures

purpose of gyrus

greatly increases the surface are of the brain

central sulcus

separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

function of area in front of the central sulcus

movement, planning, and executing behavior

function of area behind the central sulcus

perceiving and learning

number of lobes in the brain

4

frontal lobe functions

cognition/recent memory/planning/movement/emotions

parietal lobe functions

bodily sensations

temporal lobe functions

hearing and advanced visual processing

occipital lobe

vision

olfactory bulb location

beneath the frontal lobe

primary auditory cortex & auditory association cortex

region of superior temporal lobe/primary input is from the auditory system

primary somatosensory cortex & Sensory association cortex

region of the anterior parietal lobe/primary input is for the somatosensory systems

where are perceptions and memories stored

primary somatosensory cortex and sensory association cortex

somatosensory system

feet/trunk/hands/fingers/face/lips

left primary motor cortex and motor association cortex

posterior frontal lobe controls movements of skeletal muscles of the right side of the body

contralateral

left side of brain controls right side of body/right side of brain controls left side of body

primary visual cortex and visual association cortex

back region of the cortex/primary input is from the visual system

damage to a primary cortex

may cause a sensory loss

damage to an association area

may only affect an aspect of the sense

four ventricles

hollow spaces in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid

lateral ventricle

first two/one on each side

third ventricle

midline of the brain

fourth ventricle

next to cerebellum in Hindbrain

cerebral aqueduct

narrow tube interconnecting the third and fourth ventricles located in the midbrain

choroid plexus

highly vascular tissue that protrudes into the ventricles and produces cerebrospinal fluid

corpus callosum

large bundle of axons that interconnects corresponding regions of the association cortex on each side of the brain

prefrontal cortex

region of the frontal lobe before the motor association cortex

functions of prefrontal cortex

formulating plans, strategies, and controlling inhibitions

what is the primary mismatch in the maturation of the adolescent brain

limbic system is fully developed long before the prefrontal cortex

limbic system main structures

hippocampus/amydala

fornix

connects the hippocampus to other parts of the brain

hippocampus functions

learning and memory

amygdala functions

feelings and expressions of emotions/emotional memories/recognition of the signs of emotions in others

degeneration of parts of the basal ganglia is a feature of which disease

Parkinson’s

features of Parkinson’s disease

weakness, tremors, rigidity of the limbs, poor balance and difficulty initiating movements

thalamus

nuclei that direct information (sensory) to specific regions of the cerebral cortex and receive information from it (relay station)

hypothalamus

group of nuclei beneath the thalamus involved in regulation of the autonomic nervous system

functions of the hypothalamus

controls pituitary glands, organizes species typical behavior such as fighting/feeding/fleeing/mating