Microcomputer v/s Microcontroller

Microcontroller (MCU)

An integrated system containing a microprocessor, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, and peripherals required for a specific application

Microcomputer

A computing system centered around a microprocessor, typically requiring external memory and peripherals.

Key Distinction between MCU and Microcomputer

A microcontroller integrates processing, memory, and peripherals on a single chip, whereas a microcomputer doesn’t.

Integrated System

A design where processing, memory, and I/O are combined within one device.

Microprocessor inside an MCU

The core processing unit that executes instructions and performs computations.

Volatile Memory

Memory that loses its contents when power is removed, typically used for runtime data.

Dynamic Memory

A form of volatile memory used to store variables and temporary data during execution.

Nonvolatile Memory

Memory that retains its contents when power is removed, used to store programs.

Static Memory

Nonvolatile Memory such as flash or ROM that stores firmware or scripts.

Peripheral

An integrated hardware module that provides input, output, or control functionality.

Digital I/O

MCU pins used to read or write digital signals.

Timer

A peripheral used for time measurement, delays, or event scheduling.

Interrupt Controller

Hardware that manages asynchronous event and prioritizes interrupt requests.

Serial Data Port

A peripheral that enables serial communication with external devices.

Peripheral Set

The collection of on-chip peripherals tailored to an MCU’s intended application.

MCU Datasheet

A detailed technical document describing electrical, timing, and functional characteristics of an MCU.

OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)

A company that integrates MCUs into commercial products.

Maker Board

A development board designed for ease of use and rapid prototyping.

Board-Level Documentation

Documentation focused on how to use a control board rather than low-level hardware details.

MCU-Level Documentation

Detailed technical documentation required for professional hardware designs.

Datasheet Length

An indicator of technical depth, often hundreds or thousands of pages for MCUs

They integrate computation, memory, and peripherals on one chip.

Why MCUs are different?

They specify exact electrical and timinf behavior needed for real products.

Why MCU Datasheets are long?

MCUs are components; maker boards are packaged systems built for ease of use.

MCU v/s Makerboard