US History final S1

Thomas Edison

_______ invented the light bulb, created and electrical power system, and organized power plants.

Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Watson along with _______ invented the telephone.

Puerto Rico

The residents of _______ became citizens o fthe United States in 1917.

Panama Canal

The United States gained control of the land it needed to build the _______ by encouraging and supporting Panamanian independence.

U.S.S. Maine

The mysterious sinking of the _______ fueled the movement for war against Spain.

Germany

The Treaty of Versailles blamed _______ entirely for World War 1.

reparations

The money paid by a defeated nation for the damages it inflicts during a war are known as _______.

Wright Brothers

The first airplane was built by the _______. The first flight was December 17, 1903 at Kittyhawk, North Carolina.

Jim Crow

_______ laws were passed to separate white and black people in public and private facilities.

Plessy vs Ferguson

The 1896 Supreme Court case, _______, said that "separate but equal" is acceptable and legalized segregation.

yellow journalism

_______ is another name for sensational and often irresponsible news headlines and stories.

imperialism

The policy of extending a nation's authority over other countries by economic, political, or military means is known as _______.

prohibition

In an attempt to promote social reform, the 18th Amendment was passed. It is better known as _______.

muckrakers

These journalists, _______, wrote about the corrupt side of business, government, and industrial life. They were investigative journalists.

Henry Ford

In 1913, _______ introduced the assembly line, which caused huge increases in production of cars.

suffrage

To vote is _______.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

_______ was the leader of Germany during World War 1.

militarism

_______ is considered one of the four long-term causes of WWI. It means the building up of a country's military as a use of diplomacy.

trustbuster

Teddy Roosevelt was known as a _______ because he made it his goal to break up monopolies and trusts.

Alliance system

Because of all of the hostilities, jealousies, and fears between countries, they decided to sign treaties of assistance that committed them to support one another if they faced attack. This was one of the four long-term causes of WWI and is commonly called the _______.

u-boat

A German submarine is known as a _______.

British Blockade

The _______ was when Great Britain used their naval strength to block the German coast and prevent ships from getting to Germany during WWI. This prevented contraband (weapons, etc.) & food from getting to Germany. Approximately 750,000 Germans starved to death as result of this strategy.

Upton Sinclair

_______ was the author of the famous 1906 book called The Jungle, about the filthy conditions of Chicago’s meatpacking industry.

trench warfare

The use of fortified ditches, or trenches, where opposing forces fight from (rather than on an open battlefield) was a tactic used during WWI. It caused major casualties and is commonly called _______.

Big Stick Diplomacy

______________ is a political philosophy of Teddy Roosevelt's that we can maintain peace by having strength and a strong military in case things go wrong.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

The __________________ was legislation passed by Congress in 1890 to break up big trusts and monopolies.

Hepburn Act

The ______________ was passed in 1906 and give the federal government the power to regulate railroad rates.

Allied Powers

During World War I the United States fought on the ____________ side along with Great Britain, France, and many other countries.

William McKinley

________ was our 25th president. He was assassinated in 1901 which led to Vice President Teddy Roosevelt succeeding to the presidency.

League of Nations

At the end of World War I the ________ was founded. It's goal was to have member nations join & hopefully maintain world peace going forward. There was much debate in the United States about whether or not we should join.

17th Amendment

The ____________ allowed for the people to directly elect the senators that represent them in the U.S. Senate. It was a measure to address corruption in politics.

18th Amendment

In January 1920 the _______ took effect. It outlawed the manufacture, sale, & transportation of intoxicating liquors. It was the result of an organized & coordinated effort by Americans, mostly women, who thought that alcohol was responsible for many of the problems in our country.

laissez faire

This is a French term that means "hands-off, a policy of not interfering" which describes the attitude of the U.S. government towards big business during the Industrial Revolution.

Central Powers

During WOrld War I the two sides fighting against each other were the Allied Powers and the __________. They consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, The Ottoman Empire, and others.

Melting Pot

A _______ is a mix of people of different cultures and races who blend together by abandoning their native languages and customs. The term implies you lose a bit of your hertiage to "blend" with those already in the United States.

Great White Fleet

In order to flex our muscles and show our naval strength to the rest of the world, the United States sent the _______ around the world.

culture shock

The confusion and anxiety resulting from immersion in a culture whose ways of thinking and acting you didn't understand in known as _______.

World War I

On August 4, 1914 _______ began.

nationalism

_______ is considered one of the four main long-term causes of World War 1. It means extreme pride in your country.

Triple Alliance

Austria-Hungary, Germany, & Italy were members of this alliance during WWI.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The assassination of _______ was the spark that started World War 1.

Lusitania

On May 7, 1915, German u-boats sank the _______, a British liner.

Booker T. Washington

_______ was a prominent African American who believed racism would end when African Americans acquired labor skills and proved their economic value to society.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

The _______ fined and sentenced people to jail for being disloyal or abusive towards the government during World War 1.

Woodrow Wilson

_______, our 27th president, created the Fourteen Points Peace Plan.

Treaty of Versailles

The _______ ended World War 1. Some critics have said that it was too harsh on Germany.

poll tax

A _______ is an annual tax that had to be paid to vote. It was used to keep black voters away.

tossed salad

A modern day version of the melting pot is known as the _______. This term implies that everyone gets to keep their unique/special qualities.

Woodrow Wilson

_______ was President of the United States during World War 1.

Zimmermann Note

The _______ was a telegram sent by the Germans to Mexico and intercepted by British agents. It encouraged Mexico to join Germany in World War 1 and fight the Americans.

Selective Service Act

In May 1917 the _______ was passed. It required young men to register and possibly be drafted for the war.

convoy system

The _______ was when ships would travel together in a large group with a guard of circling destroyers and cruisers. This was the best way to defeat the German U-boats.

nativism

The term _______ means the favortism towards native-born Americans.

Jane Addams

_______ was a major reformer from the time period. She established the Hull House in Chicago which was a community center to help people.

literacy test

To circumvent the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, some Southern states required African Americans to pass a _______ in order to vote. Some were given in foreign languages to guarantee failure!

zeppelin

A _______ is a gas-filled airship.

Triple Entente

In World War 1, the Allies were also known as the _______.

shell shock

Many World War 1 soldiers suffered from _______, a complete emotional collapse.

grandfather clause

The _______ allowed someone who failed a literacy test or could not pay a poll tax, to still vote if their father or grandfather had been eligible to vote before January 1, 1867. This allowed more whites to vote and kept blacks from voting.

Chinese Exclusion Act

The _______ was passed in 1882. It meant that Congress banned Chinese immigration until 1943 because of widespread fear among factory workers that the Chinese were stealing jobs and driving wages down.

horizontal consolidation

_______ was a technique used by Andrew Carnegis that involved merging the competing companies into one giant corporation.

Urban sprawl

_______ is the physical spreading of cities outward, like spokes on a tire.

graft

_______ is the illegal use of political influence for personal gain.

Andrew Carnegie

_______ was born in Scotland and immigrated to America in 1848. He worked his way up from a factory worker, to messenger boy, to secretary, to division chief. He eventually builds the largest steel companies in the country.

political machine

A _______ is an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city & offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support.

Boss Tweed

______ became head of the Tammany Hall political machine. He was a corrupt boss who scammed about $200 million from the New York City.

Pendleton Act

The _______ was passed in 1883. It was a bipartisan civil service commission was created to make appointments to federal jobs through the merit system-basis of performance on an examination. Today, 90% of all federal jobs are awarded this way.

patronage

_______ is giving government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected.

Knights of Labor

The _______ was a union created in 1869 that demanded equal pay for women, end to child labor, graduated income tax, “equal pay for equal work”, employer-employee ownership of factories and other businesses.

social darwinism

_______ is the theory derived from Charles Darwin’s idea of evolution.

War Industries Board

The _______ encouraged companies to use mass production techniques in order to produce more goods for the war effort.

Daylight Savings Time

_______ was a conservation measure created during World War 1 to conserve fuel for the war effort. It still exists today

transcontinental railroad

Times zones were developed as a result of the building of the _______.

immigrants

Between 1870-1920, approximately 20 million _______ came to the United States

propaganda

______ posters were commissioned by the United States government and created by artists in order to promote patriotism and manufacture hate.

liberty measles

During World War 1, hostility towards Germans increased. German measles even became known as _______.

Four Minute Men

The _______ were a group of 75,000 volunteer men who would deliver a World War 1 speech anytime, anyplace.

Ellis Island

Immigrants arriving on the East Coast arrived at _______.

Rough Riders

Teddy Roosevelt and Leonard Wood led the _______, a volunteer cavalry that helped fight in the Spanish-American War.

William Randolph Hearst

The New York Journal and the San Francisco Chronicle were both owned by _______.

Angel Island

Immigrants arriving on the West Coast arrived at _______.

Industrial nation

By the early 1900s, the United States became the leading _______ in the world.

Great Migration

The _______ was the large scale movement of hundreds of thousands of Southern blacks to cities in the North during World War 1.

The Jungle

_______ was a 1906 book by Upton Sinclair which described the filthy conditions of Chicago's meatpacking industry.

Teddy Roosevelt

_______ was the youngest man to ever become president.

Square Deal

The _______ is a term used to describe various progressive reforms sponsored by the Teddy Roosevelt administration.

19th Amendment

The _______ gave women the right to vote.

immigrants

Millions of _______ came to the United States and provided factory owners with an eager supply of workers.

monopolies

Some big businesses became _______ after they ended competition by driving out smaller businesses.

Fourteen Points Plan

Woodrow Wilson created the _______, which was his plan for world peace following World War 1.

natural resources

America's rich supply of _______, such as iron ore or oil, provided industry with the raw materials needed to turn out a wide variety of finished goods.

Industrial Revolution

The _______ was a time period in the late 1800's and early 1900's of incredible growth in industry in the United States.

skyscrapers

During the 1800s, new methods of making steel made it possible to construct _______.

Scabs

_______ are workers used to break strikes.

civil service

Under the _______ system, jobs would go to the most qualified persons, and people could keep their job as long as their work was satisfactory.

Joseph Pulitzer

The New York World newspaper was owned by _______.

Panama Canal

The _______ was built as a shortcut between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

John D. Rockefeller

_______ was criticized as a robber baron while serving as the head of the Standard Oil Company.

kickback

An illegal payment is known as a _______.

urbanization

_______ is the growth of cities.