Unit 1 Quiz

SDS/MSDS

A safety sheet for all sold chemicals and substances.

Chemical

Anything made of atoms

Reagent

used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, or make other substances.

Hypothesis

A testable statement or question.

Model

representation of a system of ideas, events or processes

Paradigm

a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field

Peer Review

Helps to verify experiments. When someone reviews a paper, experiment, etc., to verify it.

Replication

the ability of an experiment to be done again by another individual

Type I Error

when you see a pattern thats NOT there

Type II Error

When you DONT see a pattern that IS there

Random Error

small amount of variation, easy to check. low accuracy, high precision.

Systematic Error

when every measurement is off. this affects accuracy. high accuracy, low precision.

Precision

how close measurements are to eachother

Accuracy

how close measurements are to the true value.

kilo

SI/1000

hecto

SI/100

deca

SI/10

deci

SI x 10

centi

SI x 100

milli

SI x 1000

micro

SI x 100000

meter

SI unit of length

gram

SI unit of mass

liter

unit for volume. equivalent of 1,000mL

cc

cubic centimeter, equivalent to mL

Kelvin

SI unit of thermodynamic temperature

Celsius

temp scale based on 0 degrees for the freezing point of water and 100 degrees for the boiling point of water.

Fahrenheit

temp. 32 degrees is the freezing point of water and 212 degrees is the boiling point.

Dalton

used to measure atoms

Significant Figures

the digits of value which carry meaning towards the resolution of the measurement

Measured

quantitative or qualitative

Exact

a number with an infinite number of sig figs

Equality

do not contain variables and instead include a number and a unit on both sides of an equal sign

Conversion Factor

a factor used to change from one unit of measurement to another

Density

the mass of a unit of volume of a substance.

d = M/V

Buoyancy

The upward force exerted by a liquid on an object immersed in it

Mass

quantity representing the amount of matter in a particle or object.

Volume

How much space an object or substance takes up

V = M/d

Proton

positive charge

Neutron

no charge

Electron

negative charge

Nucleus

center of atom. no charge

Atomic Number

the number of protons. gives atoms their identity.

Atomic Mass Number

protons + neutrons. number explicitly shown on isotopes.

Atomic Weight

found by multiplying the abundance of an isotope of an element by the atomic mass of the element and then adding the results together. EX: Carbon-12: 0.9889 x 12.0000 = 11.8668; Carbon-13: 0.0111 x 13.0034 = 0.1443.

Formula Weight

sum of all atomic weights

Charge

can be positive, negative, or neutral. protons - electrons.

Isotope

a different form of the same element. EX: carbon 12 and carbon 13

Atom

The smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically

Ion

an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge

Molecule

The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance

Empirical Formula

the chemical formula of a compound that gives the proportions (ratios) of the elements present in the compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms.

Molecular Formula

1. a formula giving the number of __atoms__ of each of the elements present in one __molecule__ of a specific compound.

Atomic Radius

the radius of an atom. distance between an atoms nucleus and outer electron shell.

Metallic Character

the level of reactivity of a metal.

Electronegativity

the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons toward itself.

\
gets greater towards He, lower towards Fr

First Ionization Energy

the energy needed to remove the outermost electron from a neutral atom

\
high towards He, low towards Fr