Learning and Memory Wakefulness & Sleep chp. 10-11 biopsych

A "retrograde messenger" in LTP (like Nitric Oxide) would travel from:

Post-synaptic back to pre-synaptic

In the context of memory, "consolidation" means:

 

Fixing new information into permanent long-term storage

Thorndike’s "Law of Effect" states that:

 

Behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are likely to be repeated

"Imprinting" is a form of learning that:

Occurs during a critical period and involves innate cues

The study of how environmental factors affect the expression of a gene's phenotype is called:

Epigenetics

Which process is responsible for filtering genetic information over countless generations to promote survival?

Natural selection

The "ratchet" effect in cultural transmission refers to:

Progressive innovation and improvement of culture over generations

"Semantic memory" refers to memory for:

Facts and general knowledge

Cultural transmission is considered an adaptive specialty of the human species.

True

Sensory memory has a very long duration but low capacity.

False

External cues that reset our internal clock, like sunlight, are called:

Zeitgebers

The "energy currency" reserves in the brain are stored as:

Glycogen

The hormone that makes you feel full is known as:

Leptin

REM sleep is often called "paradoxical sleep" because:

Brain activity resembles wakefulness while muscles are paralyzed

NREM Stage 2 sleep is characterized by the presence of:

Sleep spindles and K-complexes

REM-off" neurons, which must stop firing for REM to begin, primarily use:

Serotonin and Norepinephrine

"Microsleep" refers to:

Brief moments of sleep occurring when one is normally awake

The Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness (IITC) suggests that consciousness can be explained in terms of:

Levels

Melatonin production is stimulated by exposure to photons of light.

False

The "executive network" for wakefulness includes the posterior hypothalamus and basal forebrain.

True