Chapter 2 Study Set

HNO3, nitric acid

HNO2, nitrous acid

H2SO4, sulfuric acid

HCN, hydrocyanic acid

HCl, hydrochloric acid

HI, hydroiodic acid

HSO4-, hydrogen sulfate

HCO3-, hydrogen carbonate OR bicarbonate

H2PO4-, dihydrogen phosphate

HPO42-, hydrogen phosphate

nitric acid, HNO3

nitrous acid, HNO2

sulfuric acid, H2SO4

hydrocyanic acid, HCN

hydrochloric acid, HCl

hydroiodic acid, HI

hydrogen sulfate, HSO4-

hydrogen carbonate OR bicarbonate, HCO3-

dihydrogen phosphate, H2PO4-

hydrogen phosphate, HPO42-

CN-, cyanide

HO-, hydroxide

ClO3-, chlorate

NO3-, nitrate

NO2-, nitrite

CO32-, carbonate

SO42-, sulfate

SO32-, sulfite

PO43-, phosphate

NH4+, ammonium

CH3COO- or C2H3O2-, acetate

cyanide, CN-

hydroxide, HO-

chlorate, ClO3-

nitrate, NO3-

nitrite, NO2-

carbonate, CO32-

sulfate, SO42-

sulfite, SO32-

phosphate, PO43-

ammonium, NH4+

acetate, CH3COO- or C2H3O2-

P3-, phosphide

N3-, nitride

O2-, oxide

S2-, sulfide

F-, fluoride

Cl-, chloride

Br-, bromide

I-, iodide

phosphide, P3-

nitride, N3-

oxide, O2-

sulfide, S2-

fluoride, F-

chloride, Cl-

bromide, Br-

iodide, I-

Metal cations i.e. Na+, Same name as metal i.e. sodium ion

If multiple possible charges: Fe2+ and Fe3+, iron(II) and iron(III) pronounced "iron two"

Suffix for nonmetal cations i.e. NH4+, -ium for example ammonium

Rule: naming monoatomic anions i.e. Cl-, End in -ide i.e. chloride oxide

Rules: naming polyatomic ions w/ Oxyanions, end in -ate (most common number of oxygens) or -ite (one less oxygen than normal)

If a hydrogen is added to CO32- then 2 names are:, HCO3- name is hydrogen carbonate OR bicarbonate

Formula for barium chloride dihydrate, BaCl2·2H2O

Name of CaCl2·5H2O, calcium chloride pentahydrate

-ide for anions goes to ? for acids?, Add hydro- prefix -ic suffix

-ate for anions goes to ? for acids, -ic

-ite for anions goes to ? for acids, -ous

HCl in water is named, hydrochloric acid

Molecule naming: when don't we use 'mono', For the first element even if only one i.e. CO

Molecule naming: Second element name ends in ?, -ide

Molecule prefixes 1-3, mono- di- tri-

Molecule prefixes 4-6, tetra- penta- hexa-

Molecule prefixes 7-10, hepta- octa- nona- deca-

sodium bromide, NaBr

Al2O3, aluminum oxide

iron (II) chloride, FeCl2

iron (III) sulfide, Fe2S3

dinitrogen trioxide, N2O3

ammonia, NH3

Nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons small in center of atom

Electron Cloud, composed of electrons orbiting the nucleus

Protons mass and charge, mass is approx. 1 amu and +1 charge

Neutrons mass and charge, mass is approx. 1 amu and no charge

Electrons mass and charge, mass is approx. 0.001 amu and -1 charge

Ratio of proton to electron mass, over 1000 to 1

Law of conservation of mass, No detectable change in mass occurs in an ordinary chemical reaction

Neutral atoms have an equal number of, Protons and electrons

Isotopes are ?, Atoms of the same element with different # of neutrons

12C, 12 - mass number C - element symbol 6 - atomic number

How many neutrons are in 16O, 8

How many neutrons are in 18O, 10

mass number, # of protons + # of neutrons