History of Eastern Africa Historiography

What does Kimambo believe colonial conquests that became national boundaries did?

• divided groups that shared language culture and history and united that shared none of these things

What seeds did Kimambo believe colonial conquest planted?

• of potential unity which grew to a national movement in the process of demanding decolonisation and self determination

what does Kimambo believe the single most important factor is in the history od the srruggle for Uhuru

Unity of the nationalist movement in Tanzania

What does Geiger believe that historiography on nationalism in present day Tanzania focuses on?

the contributions of a few good men

what does Geiger describe Julius Nyerere as?

Ideological father of nationalist and socialist thought in Tanzania

Where does Geiger believe prominent women are placed?

within a sub-category of women nationalists

what are Geiger’s thoughts about the roles women played in nationalist movements (2x)

• evoked, created and performed the nationalism that Nyerere needed to make TANU credible

• women work was central to it construction

What does Thecla Gumbo say about her time in the TANU political party?

• once we managed to win women, men would follow easily as women would influence their husbands

• my mother had lost her job for allowing her daughter to indulge in politics

• bibi titi was the forefront, she had a huge influence over women

What dies Ngaruyia Njambi believe about FGM?

• promoted an ethnic of boldness and courage

what does Ngaruyia Njambi believe about the western attitudes towards cultural practices?

one that presumes a non-reciprocal right of a civilised west to intervene in the presumably backward cultural practices of its others

What does Ngaruyia Njambi believe were the implications and impact of the initiations? (2x)

• the initiation of men and women had enormous educational, social, moral and religious implications

• women’s power was not diminished

what does Ngaruyia Njambi believe was the reason why men and women joined the Mau Mau (3×)

• they found their conditions under colonial regime inalterable and hoped to end British rule

• it was a political issue of nationalism

• they demonstrated that white supremacy could be fought

What are Maloba’s opinions on women in the Mau Mau movement

suggests they were essential the the movement which would not have succeeded without their contributions and cooperation

where does Burgess believe Tanzania got their political stability from?

purchased through rigged elections in Zanzibar

What country does Burgess believe is the most unstable in Tanzania today?

Zanzibar

when and why does Burgess believe Zanzibar was transformed (4x)

• claims they were insignificant before the 19th century

• transformed when Arab dynasty merchants made Zanzibar a town

• became largest and most powerful metropolis of the region

• enormous influx of Arab, Asian and African migrants

what does Burgess believe is easy to overstate when looking at Zanzibar?

divisions within colonial Zanzibari society

What does Hunter believe Ujamaa provided for Nyerere?

means to talk about proper social and economic behaviour both externally and internally

who does James Brennan believe was not involved in Ujamaa

Asians were frequently a target of accusation of immoral economic behaviour and rejected as of the Tanzanian Ujamaa family

How does Hunter believe we should view the Arusha Declaration

should be seen as an intervention to reestablish the political legitimacy of the postcolonial state on a new firmer basis

what does Lal believe about ujamaa and men and women? (2x)

• that it differentiates

• gendered trajectory was shaped by the states colonial history

what are Lal’s views on the discourse surrounding Operation Vijiji?

• makeup, miniskirts and wigs represented unmarried women persecuted by younger men and prostitutes

what does Lal believe the discourse on Operation Vijiji reflects? (2x)

• the general male anxieties about economic exploitation

• Tanzanian women embodied national culture and could protect the integrity of the national family by adhering to traditional dress

what does Callaci believe brought a person positive social recognition?

an income to distribute

what does Callaci believe women’s reputations were based on?

the skilful navigation of these exchanges Wirth men

who does Callaci believe that nightlife held a key social significance for?

urban migrants in Dar es Salaam

who does Callaci believe people modelled their fashion off of?

black international icons

why does Moore believe women were more dependent on men and what did this do? (2x)

• they faced rampant unemployment

• drove formerly wage earning women into commercial sex

what does Moore say were free women stereotyped as?

prositutes

where does Moore say was a hotspot for HIV and why? (2x)

• fishing communities

• for women, fish were largely guaranteed by exchanging intimacies with men

what does Kabeela say about slogans during the HIV epidemic?

were coming at people left right and centre as part of a massive campaign beginning in 1986

what does Kabeela think the phrase love carefully implies

that the person with HIV has loved carelessly

what does Kabeela say about discussions of HIV between husbands and wives? (2x)

• almost none had done so and others had discussed in a negative way

• some women with HIV said they have nothing other worry about because they got the virus from their husbands

what does Kabeela say was a common assumption about women and sex?

women only had sex for babies

who was Argwings Khodek

• first East African with a graduate degree in law

• last his well paying job to join the political struggle in Kenya 1952

• embarked on defending Mau Mau fighters with great success

• brought the Hola massacre on the international stage

• one of the legal minds of KANU

• died in a mysterious car accident

who was Daniel Owino Misiani

• pioneered the benga genre

• criticised presidents of Kenya during their leadership of the country

• extradited by Moi’s government for fuelling discontent

• took interests in political issues around the world

how does Nyabola view Kenya;s political landscape nowadays/

since 2023, Kenya has been a cauldron of discontent periodically boiling over into protests that are violently suppressed

how does Mbunga believe Gen Z have viewed Mau Mau?

• saw their plans of organised violence as their last hope for a better future