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Chapters 1-6
Which description of molecule movement in a room full of air is most accurate?
A) Molecules are moving very slowly and in rhythm with one another. There is constant collision, yet the system as a whole is very dynamic
B) Molecules are moving very fast and colliding with one another frequently. There is no overall directionality to the activity, and the system as a whole is static
C) Molecules are moving very slowly with minimal molecular collision. The overall direction is fluid, and the system as a whole is dynamic
D) Molecules are moving very quickly with minimal molecular collision. There is no overall directionality to the activity, and the system as a whole is static
B) Molecules are moving very fast and colliding with one another frequently. There is no overall directionality to the activity, and the system as a whole is static
Who established the basic laws of physics in 1687?
A) Albert Einstein
B) Thomas Edison
C) Sir Isaac Newton
D) Benjamin Franklin
C) Sir Isaac Newton
The primary principle that explains why thick liquids travel more slowly through ducts or piping compared to thinner liquids is:
A) porosity
B) density
C) viscosity
D) gravity
C) viscosity
Which statement reflects what occurs during the earliest stages of a room fire?
A) The number of moles of gaseous material increases
B) Gases expand out the upper part of the doorway
C) Fresh air enters the room as pressure decreases
D) Hot gases rise to the upper level of the room
D) Hot gases rise to the upper level of the room
Which statement reflects what occurs during the final stages of a room fire?
A) Hot gases rise to the upper level of the room
B) Moles of hot gases exit the room, and pressure starts to decrease
C) Gases expand out the upper part of the doorway
D) The number of moles of gaseous material increases
B) Moles of hot gases exit the room, and pressure starts to decrease
What principles characterize the air movement observed during a room on fire?
A) The ideal gas law, the principle of buoyancy, and the chemistry of combustion
B) The heat of combustion, the principle of laminar flow, and the ideal gas law
C) The principle of turbulence, the ideal gas law, and the heat of sublimation
D) The heat of sublimation, the ideal gas law, and the chemistry of combustion
A) The ideal gas law, the principle of buoyancy, and the chemistry of combustion
The principles governing the movements of a rigid body are:
A) the laws of momentum, acceleration, and gravity
B) the laws of gasification, solidification, and gravity
C) the laws of sublimation, gasification, and solidification
D) the laws of endothermic, exothermic, and oxidative reactions
A) the laws of momentum, acceleration, and gravity
The rate of change of velocity is inversely proportional to an object’s:
A) speed
B) applied force
C) motion
D) mass
D) mass
The energy possessed by a weather balloon sitting on the ground is referred to as:
A) kinetic energy
B) potential energy
C) dynamic energy
D) static energy
B) potential energy
The first law of thermodynamics states that:
A) energy is neither created nor destroyed—it just changes form
B) energy is static and can be destroyed through molecular exchange
C) energy is dynamic and cannot be destroyed except in nuclear fission
D) energy is created through momentum and gravity
A) energy is neither created nor destroyed—it just changes form
In what circumstance would a change in a mechanical system result in an equal energy and enthalpy change?
A) The change does not result in expansion or condensation
B) The change does not result in expansion or compression
C) The change results in expansion without compression
D) The change results in compression without expansion
B) The change does not result in expansion or compression
The fire-driven outflow of heated air laden with products of combustion is referred to as:
A) accelerated products
B) fire effluent
C) pyrolyzate reactants
D) products of gasification
B) fire effluent
If an ice cube is broken into two equally sized pieces, how will their respective temperatures be affected?
A) The temperature of each ice cube piece is unaffected, as temperature is an intensive property and does not change when the mass of an object is altered
B) The temperature of both pieces will be changed with the introduction of force and friction from breaking
C) The temperature of each ice cube piece will change proportionately depending on the mass of each remaining cube, as temperature is an extensive property
D) The temperature of each ice cube will be unaffected, as temperature is an extensive property and does not change according to mass
A) The temperature of each ice cube piece is unaffected, as temperature is an intensive property and does not change when the mass of an object is altered
Why is the heat content of a solid not associated with a velocity?
A) The atoms and molecules are tightly packed alongside other moving particles
B) The atoms and molecules are fixed in place with a kinetic energy of zero
C) The atoms and molecules contain potential energy associated with the movement of one another
D) The atoms and molecules vary in size, shape, and structure and their heat content is a function of molecule movement
B) The atoms and molecules are fixed in place with a kinetic energy of zero
Which term most accurately describes the heat flow from one location to another occurring because of a temperature difference?
A) Heat content
B) Heat capacity
C) Heat transfer
D) Heat switch
C) Heat transfer
If a fire is ignited in the corner of a bedroom that faces an open door leading into an adjoining hallway, how will the heated fire gases most likely behave?
A) The gases will completely fill the bedroom and pressurize the room, becoming turbulent and traveling back toward the original source of ignition
B) The gases will travel along the bedroom floor until hitting an adjacent wall and then move back toward the hottest portions of the fire
C) The gases will travel up toward the ceiling and move toward the cooler portions of the bedroom and into the hallway
D) The gases will remain directly above the growing fire
C) The gases will travel up toward the ceiling and move toward the cooler portions of the bedroom and into the hallway
An ice cube melts in your hand by way of:
A) conduction
B) convection
C) radiation
D) degradation
A) conduction
Of the following substances, which has the greatest thermal conductivity?
A) Wood
B) Plaster
C) Aluminum
D) Copper
D) Copper
Which method of heat transfer is most likely responsible for the activation of automatic sprinklers in a commercial building?
A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Thermal flow
B) Convection
Which type of thermal radiation is responsible for the heating of potential fuels to the point of combustion?
A) Ultraviolet light
B) Visible light
C) Gamma rays
D) Infrared light
D) Infrared light
Which statement is a true characteristic of radiative heat transfer?
A) When the radiating source is blocked, heat transfer continues until all objects are at equal temperature
B) Because of the high speed at which photons travel, radiative heat transfer to a surface occurs instantaneously
C) The recipient of thermal radiation must not be a radiating source in order for heat transfer to occur
D) Radiative heat transfer requires the molecules in the source to be in direct contact with the molecules of the recipient
B) Because of the high speed at which photons travel, radiative heat transfer to a surface occurs instantaneously
The primary energy feedback from a flame to burning material generally occurs by:
A) convection
B) radiation
C) conduction
D) enthalpy
B) radiation
If increasing temperatures of hot objects follow the chromatic order of the light spectrum, which color of flame would be “hottest”?
A) Blue
B) Red
C) Yellow
D) White
D) White
What are the two major sources of radiant heat in a fire?
A) Flames and the hot flame effluent in the upper part of the room
B) Soot particles and moving gases
C) Flames and soot particles
D) Combustibles and hot flame effluent
A) Flames and the hot flame effluent in the upper part of the room
At what temperature does steel lose about half of its ability to support mass?
A) 200 °F (93 °C)
B) 800 °F (427 °C)
C) 1100 °F (593 °C)
D) 1300 °F (704 °C)
C) 1100 °F (593 °C)
What happens to concrete when it is exposed to extreme heat?
A) The cement begins to soften and can turn into a vicious material
B) The water contents vaporize, and pressure builds within the concrete’s pores until the concrete ruptures, resulting in explosive spalling
C) The water and cement components meld together further, creating a metallic-like substance that conducts heat rapidly
D) The water contents are evaporated, leaving the concrete crumbly and without structural stability
B) The water contents vaporize, and pressure builds within the concrete’s pores until the concrete ruptures, resulting in explosive spalling
According to the National Fire Protection Association, how many deaths occurred as a result of home structure fires during from 2015 through 2019?
A) 5200
B) 3250
C) 2620
D) 1200
C) 2620
What is the leading ignition source in home structure fires that began with upholstered furniture?
A) Hot embers
B) Arcing
C) Candles
D) Smoking materials
D) Smoking materials
The transition from local burning to almost simultaneous ignition of nearly all exposed combustibles in a space is known as:
A) flameover
B) flashover
C) backdraft
D) flashpoint
B) flashover
A chain of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidizer, resulting in the generation of substantive heat and light is referred to as:
A) ignition
B) combustion
C) flame
D) heat
B) combustion
Which of the following scenarios is a representation of a fire test method?
A) Holding a thermometer over the top of a burning candle flame
B) Lighting a fire in a fireplace and timing how long it takes to engulf all wood materials inside
C) Building a room of similar dimensions to common household bedrooms and placing a bed/mattress combo inside. Igniting the bed and timing the process of total engulfment to give a measure of the flammability rating of the bed/mattress assembly
D) Timing how long it takes to extinguish a fire of specific proportions with a given extinguishing material in order to provide a flammability rating
C) Building a room of similar dimensions to common household bedrooms and placing a bed/mattress combo inside. Igniting the bed and timing the process of total engulfment to give a measure of the flammability rating of the bed/mattress assembly
Which four components are required to ignite and sustain combustion?
A) Heat, light, smoke, and oxygen
B) Fuel, oxygen, heat, and chemical chain reaction
C) Light, heat, oxygen, and chemical chain reaction
D) Smoke, flammable gases, oxygen, and heat
B) Fuel, oxygen, heat, and chemical chain reaction
What type of reaction is combustion?
A) Endothermic
B) Exothermic
C) Radiative
D) Explosive
B) Exothermic
Which solid material(s) would create the fastest fire spread rate?
A) Wood chips
B) Sawdust
C) Round hay bales
D) Large wooden beams
B) Sawdust
What does the heat release rate of a fuel determine?
A) How large and fast the fire will grow
B) The maximum temperatures a fire will reach
C) The amount of extinguishing agent needed to control the fire
D) How quickly the fire will self-extinguish
A) How large and fast the fire will grow
What has been accomplished when the heat release rate has been sharply reduced and fire regrowth has been prevented?
A) Fire extinguishment
B) Fire suppression
C) Fire control
D) Fire containment
B) Fire suppression
How does aqueous foam accomplish fire extinguishment?
A) Introduces a dry-chemical-powered extinguishing agent
B) Introduces a barrier between heat sources and flammable vapors
C) Removes fuel vapors from the surface of the liquid pool
D) Introduces a chemical that suppresses combustion
B) Introduces a barrier between heat sources and flammable vapors
Opening a door to a compartment where fire has consumed nearly all available oxygen but is still super-heated could result in:
A) flashover
B) flame point
C) backdraft
D) extinguishment
C) backdraft
The ignition of fire gases in the upper level of a burning compartment is referred to as:
A) flashover
B) flameover
C) backdraft
D) upper pyrolysis
B) flameover
What do helium, water, and sand have in common?
A) They are excellent conductors of thermal radiation
B) They are noncombustible materials
C) They are combustible materials
D) They are both combustible and flammable
B) They are noncombustible materials
The international measurement system is also referred to as the _________ system
A) standard
B) British
C) imperial
D) metric
D) metric
Which of the following SI units (International System of Units, aka metric system) are used to describe the measurement of electric current?
A) Kelvin
B) Ampere
C) Mole
D) Candela
B) Ampere
How many meters are in 2 kilometers?
A) 5
B) 10
C) 200
D) 2000
D) 2000
When reviewing blueprints for a new home in Charlotte, North Carolina, contractors make note of framing requirements in feet and inches. Which system of measurement are they utilizing?
A) Imperial
B) Metric
C) Decimal
D) Scientific
A) Imperial
A pharmacist in Orlando, Florida, has prepared a prescription sent over by a local physician. Which system of measurement was used when preparing this dose of medication?
A) British
B) Imperial
C) Metric
D) Standard
C) metric
Utilizing statistical methods to calculate a best value and range of variation for particular sets of measurement addresses the degree of _______ characterizing all measurements.
A) trueness
B) accuracy
C) certainty
D) uncertainty
D) uncertainty
Temperature using the Kelvin scale is expressed in:
A) kelvins
B) degrees Kelvin
C) Celsius
D) degrees Celsius
A) kelvins
You are tasked with determining how much water will be needed to extinguish a fire at a local hospital. The scenario assumes the entire hospital structure is fully involved in fire. When beginning calculations, you assume the hospital is a perfectly rectangular structure, and you utilize fewer than the actual number of significant figures to calculate mass to obtain a quick figure. Which stage of measurement does this represent?
A) accuracy
B) estimation
C) precision
D) sampling
B) estimation
Which type of enthalpy represents the upper limit of the contribution of a combustible item to a fire?
A) Joule
B) Calorie
C) British thermal unit
D) Heat of combustion
D) heat of combustion
Firefighters commonly use a 24 ft extension ladder in the course of their duties. How long is this ladder in meters?
A) 21 m
B) 12 m
C) 8 m
D) 7 m
D) 7 m
At ambient temperatures of around 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, the specific gravity of propane gas is approximately 1.8. How would this gas behave if released into surrounding dry air?
A) The propane would mix easily with the air and dissipate
B) The propane would rise quickly into the atmosphere
C) The propane would sink or fall into lower elevations
D) The propane would float evenly with its original area of release
C) The propane would sink or fall into lower elevations
The three-dimensional measurement of a contained space is referred to as:
A) area
B) volume
C) mass
D) weight
B) volume
Fire transforms everyday furnishings into intense heat, light, and smoke. This transformation is an example of which type of process?
A) mechanical
B) chemical
C) natural
D) radiological
B) chemical
Nearly all combustibles in unwanted fires are composed of:
A) inorganic compounds
B) radioactive compounds
C) organic compounds
D) inorganic salts
C) organic compounds
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. Calculate the most likely gram atomic mass of carbon.
A) 6
B) 12
C) 24
D) 36
B) 12
Unattached atoms that normally form stable diatomic molecules are referred to as:
A) phenyl radicals
B) cations
C) free atoms
D) free radicals
C) free atoms
Why is the hydroxyl free radical important to flame propagation and ignition?
A) it can attach its hydrogen atom to other stable fuel molecules
B) it can remove a hydrogen atom from a stable fuel molecule
C) it can attach its carbon atom to other stable fuel molecules
D) it can remove a carbon atom from stable fuel molecules
B) it can remove a hydrogen atom from a stable fuel molecule
How many bonds can be formed by a carbon atom with a valence of 4?
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight
B) four
In what manner are the compounds butane, propane, and hexane similar?
A) they each contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds
B) they each contain one carbon-carbon triple bond
C) they each contain one or more carbon-carbon bond
D) they each contain one or more rings of carbon atoms, with alternating double bonds
C) they each contain one or more carbon-carbon bond
In what state of matter do hydrocarbons with less than 5 to 50 carbon atoms typically exist?
A) solid at room temperature
B) liquids at room temperature
C) liquid at temperatures above 212 F
D) solid at temperatures above 100 F
B) liquid at room temperature
Which of the following molecules are examples of liquid molecules?
A) sodium bicarbonate
B) sodium chloride
C) sucrose
D) ethanol
D) ethanol
Of the compounds listed, which is considered to be a hydrocarbon?
A) ethanol
B) sodium chloride
C) methane
D) hydrogen peroxide
C) methane
The central element of organic compounds is:
A) hydrogen
B) oxygen
C) carbon
D) nitrogen
C) carbon
Of the three states of matter, which state contains the most mobile molecules?
A) solid
B) gas
C) liquid
D) solute
B) gas
How are chlorine gas molecules different than most all other gas molecules?
A) chlorine gas quickly solidifies under extreme pressure
B) chlorine gas quickly liquefies under light pressure
C) chlorine gas is odorless and invisible
D) chlorine gas is visible with a distinct odor
D) chlorine gas is visible with a distinct odor
Maximum flame temperature in a solid or liquid fire will be near:
A) 500 F
B) 1200 F
C) 2200 F
D) 3500 F
C) 2200 F
Which concept forms the basis for oxygen consumption calorimetry?
A) The ratio of the heat of combustion of a substance to the mass of oxygen required by the principle of combining proportions is constant for nearly all organic combustibles
B) The ratio of specific heat of a substance to the mass of oxygen required by the principle of combining proportions is constant for nearly all organic combustibles
C) The ratio of the heat of combustion of a substance to the mass of oxygen required by the principle of combining proportions is constant for nearly all inorganic combustibles
D) The ratio of specific heat of a substance to the mass of oxygen required by the principle of combining proportions is constant for nearly all inorganic combustibles
A) The ratio of the heat of combustion of a substance to the mass of oxygen required by the principle of combining proportions is constant for nearly all organic combustibles
During a fire, which class of chemical change most likely is responsible for soot formation?
A) oxidation
B) condensation
C) dissociation
D) association
B) condensation
What would most likely occur if ventilation were added to a fire situation where the burning rate of the fuel pyrolyzate is limited by the amount of oxygen in the fire environment?
A) The influx of sudden ventilation would extinguish the fire
B) The fire would grow in intensity
C) The fire would enter a stage of smoldering
D) The fire behavior and characteristics would remain unchanged unless more fuel vapors were added in conjunction with ventilation
B) the fire would grow in intensity
The process of pyrolysis is an example of an:
A) endothermic reaction
B) exothermic reaction
C) stoichiometric reaction
D) gasification reaction
A) endothermic reaction
What type of chemical reactions generate heat and light in a fire?
A) gasification reactions
B) oxidation reactions
C) endothermic reactions
D) pyrolyzate reactions
B) oxidation reactions
The heating of pine will eventually cause flammable vapors to be released from the pine through thermal decomposition. This process is known as:
A) specific heat
B) pyrolisis
C) heat of gasification
D) heat of fusion
B) pyrolysis
In a fire environment where unburned fuel gases remain after most of the oxygen is consumed, the combustion mixture is referred to as:
A) fuel lean
B) fuel limited
C) fuel rich
D) fuel dependent
C) fuel rich
During a fire, which class of chemical change occurs when a molecule breaks apart, producing two or more free atoms or radicals?
A) association
B) dissociation
C) condensation
D) bimolecular exchange reaction
B) dissociation
Which example of physical state change most accurately represents the reverse of sublimation?
A) The active ingredient in moth balls completely vaporizing into air at room temperature over a given period of time
B) The exploration of n-hexane at temperatures exceeding 200 F
C) The formation of white particles of CO2 from rapid expansion and cooling when CO2 is discharged from a hand-held fire extinguisher
D) The release of flammable vapors from a candle wick when exposed to an ignition source
C) The formation of white particles of CO2 from rapid expansion and cooling when CO2 is discharged from a hand-held fire extinguisher
