The Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
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Holy Roman Empire
Main battleground during the Thirty Years War.
Catholics vs Protestants
Initial conflict between religious factions.
Habsburg Power
Threatened by the war's end.
Treaty of Westphalia
1648 agreement ending the Thirty Years War.
Ferdinand II
Holy Roman Emperor, opposed Protestantism.
Defenestration of Prague
1618 event triggering Bohemian rebellion.
Frederick II
Bohemian king named by rebels.
Albrecht von Wallenstein
General who led Ferdinand's army.
Edict of Restitution
1629 law restoring Catholic lands lost since 1552.
Gustavus Adolphus
Swedish king who invaded the Holy Roman Empire.
Wallenstein Assassination
Executed to appease German princes' fears.
Swiss Confederation
Switzerland gained independence from the Empire.
Brandenburg Territories
Gained important lands in the conflict.
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