chemistry tests

anion test for carbonate

add dilute nitric acid

add aqueous silver nitrate

effervesence present

anion test chloride

acidify with dilute nitric acid

add aqueous silver nitrate

white precipitate

anion test bromide

acidify with dilute nitric acid

add aqueous silver nitrate

cream precipitate

anion test iodide

acidify with dilute nitric acid

add aqueous silver nitrate

yellow precipitate

anion test nitrate

add aqueous sodium hydroxide

then alluminium foil

warm

ammonia produced

anion test sulfate

acidify with dilute nitric acid

aqueous barium nitrate

white precipitate

anion test sulfite

small volume of acidified aqueous potassium

changes colour purple → colourless

cation - aluminium - aqueous sodium hydroxide

white precipitate

soluble in excess → colourless

cation - aluminium - aqueous ammonia

white precipitate

insoluble in excess

carion - ammomium - aqueous sodium hydroxide

ammonia produced on warming

cation - calcium - aqueous sodium hydroxide

white precipitate

insoluble in excess

cation - calcium - aqueous ammonia

no precipitate

or very slight white precipitate

cation - chromium - aqueous sodium hydroxide

green precipitate

soluble in excess

cation - chromium - aqueous ammonia

green precipitate

insoluble in excess

cation - copper - aqueous sodium hydroxide

light blue precipitate

insoluble in excess

cation - copper - aqueous ammonia

light blue precipitate

soluble in excess → dark blue

cation - iron II - aqueous sodium hydroxide

green precipitate

insoluble in excess → brown near surface

cation - iron II - aqueous ammonia

green precipitate

insoluble in excess → brown near surface

cation - Iron III - aqueous sodium hydroxide

red brown precipitate - insoluble in excess

cation - Iron III - aqueous ammonia

red brown precipitate → insoluble in excess

cation - zinc - aqueous sodium hydroxide

white precipitate

soluable in excess → colourless solution

zinc - aqueous ammonia

white precipitate

soluble in excess → colourless solution

gases - ammonia

lamp red litmus paper → blue

gases - carbon dioxide

limewater → milky

gases - chlorine

bleaches damp red litmus paper

gases - hydrogen

pops with a lighted splint

gases - oxygen

relights a glowing splint

gases - sulphur dioxide

turns acidified aqueous potassium manganate → purple → colourless

lithium - flame test

red

sodium - flame test

yellow

potassium - flame test

purple

calcium - flame test

orange/red

barium - flame test

light green

copper - flame test

blue/green