Roman Architecture test #2 objective section

Roman Colonies

• Castrum

  • military camp/fort

• Colonia

  • settlement established by Roman citizens, often in newly conquered territories

    • Citizens

• Municipium

  • This was a self-governing town or city that enjoyed some degree of autonomy but was still under Roman authority

    • Own government

    • partial citizenship

• Vicus

  • a smaller, often informal settlement or neighborhood within a larger city or area. It could be a village or a quarter within a town

Agrimensor

• Land surveyors

• would go out and see if the land was good for a farmer to use

  • used the Groma and the decempeda

Pompey the Great

• prominent Roman general and statesman

• known for his military conquests and political alliances

• Built the Theater of Pompey, in 55 BC

  • also the temple of Venus Victrix

Caesar

• Ally of Pompei and Marcus Licinius Crassus

• Paid off the soldiers

• they then didn’t like him when he was declared a ‘dictator for life’

  • due to this title he got assassinated (44BCE)

  • ruled for about 5 years

Octavian

• Caesar’s adopted son

  • due to adoption, he claims he is also a descendent of the gods

• rose to power after Caesar’s assassination

• 27 BC, Octavian was granted the title Augustus by the Senate, marking the official beginning of the Roman Empire.

Sextus Pompey

• the son of Pompey the Great

• played a crucial role in the power struggles following Julius Caesar's assassination

Marcus Agrippa

• a key military and political leader in ancient Rome

  • also an architect

• best known for his close association with Augustus

Vitruvious, De Architectura

• Only have one building we can connect with him

• work by the Roman architect Vitruvius, written in the 1st century BCE

• One of the first architecture books

• emphasizes the importance of three core principles in architecture: Firmitas (strength), Utilitas (functionality), and Venustas (beauty)

• includes practical advice for architects, such as site selection, urban planning, and the use of different building materials

• Written for Augustus

Vitruvius, 10 books on architecture

1. Firmitas

   1. Structural stability

2. Utilitas

   1. The spaces provided are adequate and appropriate for their intended usage

3. Venustas

   1. Attractive appearance and harmony

   2. Literally, "the key qualities possessed by the goddess Venus"

Balnea or thermae

Bathing

Apodyterium

changing room

Palestra

Gym area

Strigil

used to scrap off sweat after working out

tepidarium

warm pool area

• transition between hot and cold baths

Caldarium

• hot bath

  • heated from bronze/brass broiler from smalling tub

  • or heated from furnace where the hot air heats up the tub

Hypocaust system

heightened floor that allows the warm air from the furnace to rise and heat up the room

Frigidarium

• cold plunge

Julio-Claudian Rulers

1. Tiberius, reigned 14-37 CE

   1. good military carrier

2. Caligula, reigned 37-41 CE

   1. paranoid

   2. cruel to friends/family

   3. incest

3. Claudius reigned 41-54 CE

   1. well read

4. Nero, reigned 54-68 CE

   1. most important, became emperor at 17

   2. Murdered his mom

   3. all monuments with his name r crossed off

Curator aquarium

person who takes care of the aquaducts

Catellum Aquae

• There were three sections to the aqueduct in the city of rome. all leading to different parts of the town.

  • All streaming from the same point

  • All three sections couldn't be open at once

• Water would go from the aqueduct to a water tower that was pumped into public water fountains

Stabian Baths

most well-preserved Roman public baths

Praefurnium

furnace heating system used to heat up baths

• this furnace would lead to the hypocausts