chem

is a branch of science which deals with the study of matter, its compositions, structures, properties, changes it undergo and energy involve.

CHEMISTRY

is anything that occupies space and has mass.

Matter

refer to the components of matter

Compositions

refers to the arrangement of electrons in a chemical Bonds

Structure

include any traits that can be measured, such as an object's density, color, mass, volume, etc.

Properties of matter

a change in the state or form of a substance without changing the identity of the substance

Physical change

is the transformation of one or more substances into new substances with new properties

chemical change

It is a chemical change in which one or more substances are destroyed and one or more new substances are created.

Chemical Reaction

STATES OF MATTER

1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gases

4. Plasma

5. Bose Einstein Condensate, BEC

is a classification of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties

Pure Substance

a pure substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary means.

element

ELEMENTS

MONATOMIC ELEMENTS

DIATOMIC ELEMENTS

ALLOTROPES

different forms of an element in same physical state

ALLOTROPE

any class of substance characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity

Metal

is an element that does not produce heat and electricity and that is structurally brittle.

Non-metal

is an element that has properties that are intermediate between those metals and non-metals.

Metalloid

is a substance formed from two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.

Compound

is typically a chemical compound that lucks carbon-hydrogen bonds

Inorganic compound

is a compound that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms (C-H bonds)

organic Compounds

Classification of inorganic compounds

OXIDES

ACIDS

BASES (HYDROXIDES)

SALTS

potential of hydrogen (measures of acidity and alkalinity of a substance)

pH

is the physical combination of two or more substances in which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions and colloids

MIXTURE

Uniform composition

Homogeneous Mixture

is defined as a homogeneous mixture which mainly comprises of two components namely solute and solvent

Solution

a solid homogeneous mixture of substances, as glass or alloys. Solvent is a solid and the solute is either a solid, a liquid or a gas.

solid solution

a homogeneous mixture of one or more metals

alloy

is a solution in which the solvent is a liquid but the soluse is either a solid, a liquid or a gas.

liquid solution

a solution in which the solvent is a gas and the solute is either a solid, a liquid or a gas.

Gas solution

is a solution in which a solvent is capable of dissolving any more solute at a given temperature

Unsaturated solution

is a solution in which a solvent is not capable of dissolving any more solute at a given temperature.

Saturated solution

comprises of a large amount of solute at a temperature wherein it will be reduced as a result the extra solute will crystallize quickly

Supersaturated solution

when a solute is dissolved in water the solution is called an aqueous solution.

Aqueous solution

when a solute is dissolved in a solvent other than water

Non-aqueous solution

is a solution that contains a small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent

Dilute solution

is a solution that contains a large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent.

Concentrated solution

a substance in which the different components are identifiable. Has two or more phases

heterogeneous mechanical mixture .

appear uniform when mixed but settle out.

Suspensions

appear uniform but they do not settle out. However, their particles are too large to be classified as a homogeneous solution.

Colloids

a suspension of liquids where separation of particles is prevented through the use of an emulsifying agent.

emulsion

the scattering of a beam of light caused by particles in a colold. Allows homogeneous solutions and colloids to be distinguished.

tyndall effect