chemistry 1.2

What primary pollutants lead to photochemical smog?

Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Define smog.

A type of air pollution formed from smoke, fog, and chemical reactions in the atmosphere.

What is the chemical reaction that produces ozone in photochemical smog?

NO₂ + sunlight → NO + O; then O + O₂ → O₃.

Identify a secondary pollutant in photochemical smog.

Ozone (O₃).

How does photochemical smog affect the environment?

Damages plants, reduces visibility, and contributes to respiratory issues.

What role do VOCs play in smog formation?

They react with NOₓ in sunlight to form ozone and other secondary pollutants.

How can vehicle emissions be reduced to prevent smog?

Catalytic converters, cleaner fuels, and reduced car use.

What is the difference between photochemical and classical smog?

Classical smog (London smog) is caused by sulfur compounds and smoke, while photochemical smog is caused by NOₓ and VOCs in sunlight.

Why is smog worse in sunny, warm climates?

Sunlight drives the photochemical reactions that produce ozone.

Name an indicator of photochemical smog presence.

High levels of ground-level ozone and NO₂ in urban air.