L31 Plant Genes and Gene Expression

Flashcards covering significant vocabulary related to plant genetics and gene expression.

Differential Gene Expression

The expression of different genes in different types of cells, allowing cells to have different proteins and functions despite having the same genetic information.

Constitutive Gene Expression

Genes that are expressed at all times, regardless of cell type or external conditions.

Transgenic Plant

A plant that has been genetically modified to express a new gene, often through the use of Agrobacterium T-DNA.

Hybrid Gene Fusion

A technique used to study gene expression by fusing a promoter from one gene to a coding sequence from another gene.

Spatial Regulation of Gene Expression

Gene expression that varies depending on the location within the plant, such as genes expressed only in leaf tissue.

Light-Induced Genes

Genes that are stimulated to express in response to light, such as the CAB gene involved in chlorophyll binding.

Stress-Induced Genes

Genes activated by environmental stressors like cold, drought, or pathogens.

Touch-Induced Genes

Genes that show rapid expression changes in response to mechanical stimulation.

Transcriptome Sequencing

A method for analyzing the complete set of RNA transcripts of a specific organism, used to understand gene expression patterns.

B-glucuronidase (GUS)

A reporter gene used to visualize gene expression, producing a blue product when the substrate is present.

What are methods to introduce foreign genes into plants?

Methods include Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistic particle delivery (gene gun), and electroporation.

Why is gene expression important in plants?

Gene expression is vital for plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses, ensuring adaptation and survival.

What is the significance of Arabidopsis in plant genetics?

Arabidopsis serves as a model organism, facilitating studies on gene function due to its small genome, rapid life cycle, and ease of genetic manipulation.

How do photoreceptors regulate plant development?

Photoreceptors detect light and influence processes like germination, flowering, and shade avoidance, crucial for optimal growth and environmental response.