sexual reproduction- human physiology

prostate gland

produces alkaline fluid to neutralize vaginal acids

testis

produce testosterone and sperm

uterus

fertilized egg becomes an embryo

fallopian tube

transports the oocyte to the uterus

fimbria

sweep an oocyte from the ovaries to fallopian tubes

ovaries

• secretes estrogen and progesterone

• oocyte matures prior to release

seminal vesicle

secretes fluid containing fructose - nourishment of sperm cells

secretes mucus - to protect sperm cells

urethra

conducts sperm from prostate gland out of the body via penis

vas deferens

• tube

• conducts sperm from the testis to the prostate gland during ejaculation.

epididymis

sperm develops the ability to be motile

endometrium

the mucous membrane lining of the uterus

vagina

passage leading to the uterus, by which the penis can enter

pituitary hormones (1), are released from the (2) and act on the (3) to develop (4)

• FSH and LH

• anterior pituitary gland

• ovaries

• follicles

ovarian hormones (1), act on the (2) to prepare for pregnancy.

• estrogen and progesterone

• uterus

estrogen…

• thickens endometrium

• inhibits FSH and LH for most of the cycle

• stimulates FSH and LH pre ovulation

progesterone…

• thickens endometrium

• inhibits FSH and LH

FSH

stimulates follicular growth in ovaries

LH

• causes a surge in ovulation

• results in the formation of the corpus luteum

estrogen and progesterone inhibit the secretion of….

FSH and LH

give an example of negative feedback in the menstrual cycle

anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH

the dominant follicle produces estrogen

estrogen inhibits further production of FSH, prevent other follicles from growing

explain what causes progesterone and estrogen levels to drop during menstruation.

the degeneration of the corpus luteum

give an example of positive feedback in the menstrual cycle

estrogen stimulates the secretion of LH

if fertilization occurs…

developing embryo implanted in the endometrium

will release hormones to sustain corpus luteum

corpus luteum secretes…

high levels of progesterone

describe how sperm cells are produced in the testis

• spermatogonia undergo meiosis

• epididymis is where spermatogonia mature/become motile

• develop a flagellum

fructose in semen is secreted by…

seminal vesicle

interstitial cells produce….

testosterone

role of testosterone in spermatogenesis

the maturation of sperm cells

name number 1

germline epithelium

name number 2

spermatozoa

name number 3

interstitial cell

when does the stage of mitosis in oogenesis start

in foetal development; thousands of oogonia get produced before entering growth.

name 1

zona pellucida

name 2

corona radiata

name 3

cytoplasm

name 5

cortical granule

placenta: secretes: (1) and (2)

(1) stops (a) and develops (b)

(2) develops (a) and (b)

1) progesterone

a) contractions, b) endometrium

2) estrogen

a) mammary glands, b) myometrium

where does a blastocyst implant itself?

endometrium

what is the role of hCG during pregnancy

prevents the degeneration of the corpus luteum, until placenta develops.

After fertilisation, the zygote undergoes (1) to form a (2)

1. mitotic divisions

2. morula

trophoblast

part of the blastocyst that develops into the placenta.

where does the development of a blastocyst occur

fallopian tube

what happens after a blastocyst gets implanted into the endometrium

it secretes hCG

describe the process of fertilization

• enzymes make acrosome unstable

• uterine chemicals dissolve sperms cholesterol coat

• acrosome releases enzymes to soften jelly coat