Depressive Disorders

What does “affective” refer to in relation to depression symptoms?

Emotional symptoms such as persistent sadness or feelings of hopelessness.

What does “behavioural” refer to in relation to depression symptoms?

Changes in actions or habits, such as social withdrawal or reduced activity.

What does “cognitive” refer to in relation to depression symptoms?

Distortions in thinking, including negative thoughts or difficulty concentrating.

What does “somatic” refer to in relation to depression symptoms?

Physical symptoms like fatigue, sleep disturbances, or appetite changes.

What are the two key symptoms required for a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder?

Depressed mood or loss of interest and pleasure lasting at least two weeks.

How many additional symptoms are required for an MDD diagnosis?

At least four additional symptoms.

List some common additional symptoms of MDD.

Insomnia, appetite disturbances, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, suicidal thoughts, difficulty concentrating.

How much more prevalent is MDD in women than in men?

Two to three times more common in women.

In which socio-economic groups is MDD more common?

Lower socio-economic groups.

How common is recurrence of MDD among diagnosed individuals?

Approximately 80% experience at least one additional episode.

On average, how long does an MDD episode last?

Around 3 to 4 months.

What is the most common psychological disorder?

Major Depressive Disorder.

Describe typical mood and self-esteem levels in depressed individuals.

Very low mood, low self-esteem, and lack of motivation.

What general outlook do people with depression tend to have?

A pessimistic view of life.