YEAR 11 EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Atom

The smallest unit of an element.

Nucleus

The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

Proton

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A negatively charged particle that moves in shells around the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom, determining the element's identity.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Radioactivity

The spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable nuclei.

Alpha Radiation (α)

Type of radiation consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, with a positive charge and low penetration.

Beta Radiation (β)

Type of radiation consisting of fast electrons with a negative charge and medium penetration.

Gamma Radiation (γ)

High-energy electromagnetic waves with no mass or charge and very high penetration.

Half-Life

The time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay.

Nuclear Decay

The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.

Medical Uses of Radioisotopes

Includes cancer treatment (radiotherapy) and medical tracers.

Sole Trader

A business owned by one person, which is simple to start and has unlimited liability.

Partnership

A business structure with 2-20 owners sharing responsibility.

Company

A business that is a separate legal entity with limited liability.

Business Objectives

Common goals such as profit, growth, and customer satisfaction.

Stakeholders

People affected by a business including owners, employees, customers, and suppliers.

Scalar

A quantity with magnitude only, e.g., speed or distance.

Vector

A quantity with both magnitude and direction, e.g., velocity or force.

Force

A push or pull measured in Newtons (N).

Newton's First Law

An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a force.

Newton's Second Law

F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Function

A relationship between inputs and outputs.

Mean

The average value in a set of numbers.

Median

The middle value in a sorted list of numbers.

Probability

The likelihood of a certain outcome, calculated as favourable outcomes divided by total outcomes.

UX (User Experience)

Focuses on usability, accessibility, and efficiency in design.

Wireframes

Basic layout sketches of apps or websites.

User Testing

Process to observe user interactions and collect feedback on a design.