(NOT MINE) TTU ANSC 1401 Exam II

Texas Tech University Dr. Jackson

Genus of cattle

Bos

Species of cattle

Taurus or Indicus

How much single money-generating commodity does cattle make?

$68 million

What's the largest single money-generating commodity in all of U.S. agriculture

Beef

Beef accounts for __________ of animal agriculture's share of total farm cash receipts.

~39%

The U.S. has about ______ of the world's cattle, but we produce nearly ________ of the world's beef and veal.

6%, 18%

Ruminant Digestive System

Both BEEF & DAIRY cattle have the same digestive tract

Purpose of the Cattle Industry

Make use of natural resources indigestible by humans (grass & other forages)

Make use agricultural wastes & by-products

Rugged & adaptable to topography & climate

The beef industry is ____________.

Highly fractured.

Structure of US beef industry

Seed stock producers

Commercial cow-calf producers

Yearling or stocker operators

Feedlot finishing operations

Seed Stock Production (cattle)

Produce breeding stock.

Commercial Cow-Calf Production

Produce the heaviest calves possible with the least cost.

Yearling or Stocker Operators (cattle)

Growing calves to heavier weights on low-priced forage before the calves enter the feedlot

Feedlot Operations (cattle)

"Finishing phase"; 600- to 850-lb cattle are finished to market weight and condition in confinement

Where is cow production?

Every state in of low-cost forage

What state has the largest amount of cattle?

Texas

Longhorns

Any color (tri-color most coveted)

Long horns

Light muscling

Dominant Beef Cattle

British breeds

Continental breeds "exotic"

"American"

How many breeds of cattle are there in the US?

70%

Cattle from the British Isles are mainly ______________?

Maternal

Angus Cattle

Imported from Scotland

British Breed

Red Angus Cattle

Developed in the United States.

British Breed

Horned Hereford Cattle

Imported from England

2nd largest registry in U.S

British breed

Polled Hereford Cattle

Developed in United States

British breed

Shorthorn Cattle

First British breed to be imported to U.S.

British breed

Imported from England

Continental cattle breeds are ______________.

paternal and dual purpose.

Chianina Cattle

Imported from Italy

Continental Breed

Gelbvieh Cattle

Imported from Germany

Continental Breed

Dual Purpose

Limousin Cattle

Imported from France

3rd largest U.S. registry

Continental Breed

Maine Anjou Cattle

Imported from France

Largest continental breed in terms of weight

Simmental Cattle

Imported from Switzerland

5th largest registry in U.S.

Heaviest milking continental breed

Produce muscular carcasses

Brahman Cattle

Imported from India

American Breed

"Tiger-stripe"

Commercial cross

Hybrid vigor

The United States produces approximately _____ of the world's cow's milk.

14%

Dairy cattle also produce ___________.

Beef

Most __________ comes from dairy calves fed all-milk diets and slaughtered when weighing a few hundred pounds.

Veal

_________________________ is the most efficient of all the domestic animals.

The dairy cow's conversion of feed to food

Number Operations

Decreasing number of operations

Increasing size of operations

Why is production of milk increasing?

Improved genetics, management, and use of technological innovations

National Milk Production

1 California
2 Wisconsin
3 Idaho
4 New York
5 Pennsylvania

Ayrshire Cattle

Dairy Cattle

Scotland

Brown Swiss Cattle

Dairy Cattle

Switzerland

Holstein-Friesian Cattle

Dairy Cattle

Netherlands

Average 305 d lactation = 24,958 lbs of milk

Jersey Cattle

Dairy Cattle

Highest percentage of butter fat production (4.7%)

Genus of goat

Capra

Species of goat

hircus

Genus sheep

Ovis

Species of sheep

Aries

The ___________ is the smallest livestock industry in the U.S.

Sheep industry

The ______________ industry is drastically declining over time.

sheep

Lamb meat per capita _______________.

< 1 lb

The sheep industry survived in niche markets.

True

The purpose of the goat and sheep industry is to....

make use of natural resources indigestible by humans (grass & other forages)

They make:
Animal fiber
Protein
Milk products

Range production

how goats and sheep are raised in Western U.S.

Complimentary production

how goats and sheep are raised in Eastern U.S.

How did sheep get into the U.S.?

English settlers bring sheep for solely for wool production

When the U.S. sheep at its highest inventory?

Post Civil War - WWII, ~50 million heads

Reasons for decline in sheep after WWII

Less demand for wool
Low consumer demand for lamb in their diets
Difficulty in obtaining and keeping reliable herders
Competition for public-owned rangeland and increasing government regulation
Decreased government support
Farmer diversification into other enterprises
Seasonal nature of lamb production and consumption
Inadequate profits.

Extensive Management Systems
(Range Production)

Use little supplemental feed, graze large areas of land

Factors impacting profitability: rainfall, predators, prices for lamb and wool

Intensive Management Systems
(Farm Flock & Feedlot industries)

Common in the Midwest

Intensive in health & nutrition management

Goat Production Systems

Hair Production
Meat Production
Dairy Production

Merino Sheep

Most dominant breed in worldwide sheep industry

Spain

Fine Wool

Rambouillet Sheep

Dominant range ewe in the US

France

Fine Wool

Columbia Sheep

Fine Wool

United States

Crossbreed with Rambouillet and Lincoln

Dorset Sheep

Known for ability to breed out of season & prolificacy & milking ability

England

Medium Wool

Hampshire Sheep

Sire breed is known for rapid growth & muscularity

Face, ears, legs are dark brown-black

Have a wool cap on head

England

Medium Wool

Suffolk Sheep

Ewes prolific and heavy milking but produce poor fleeces

England

Medium Wool

Southdown Sheep

Early maturing, good lambing, average milk production

Excel in cross breeding programs to produce meaty carcasses at light weights

England

Medium Wool

Finnsheep Sheep

Litter baring animal - usually crossbred

Finland

Medium Wool

Lincoln Sheep

England

Long Wool

Angora Goat

Turkey

Produces mohair (higher price than wool)

Over 90% of U.S. Angora goats located in TX

Fiber

South African Boer Goat

Hardy, fast growing, meat - type

Generally brown head & neck with white body & legs

Short hair

Spanish Goat

Highly variable in appearance and performance

Very prolific & hardy, utilize great deal of browse, used to clear brush

Meat

La Mancha

United States

Distinguishing characteristic is a lack of external ear tissues

Saanen Goat

Switzerland

Heaviest milking breed

Nubian Goat

Milk

Most popular breed of registered dairy goat in U.S.

Noted for high butter fat compared to other
breeds

Not as much volume as Saanen

Any color accepted

Scientific knowledge of _________ is not nearly as extensive as those for other livestock species.

horses

Impossible to present facts and figures for the __________ that are comparable to those of the other livestock species..

horse

Every 5 years _________________________ attempts to survey all ag producers.

National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

How much money does the horse industry make in the US?

$50 billion

How many jobs does the horse industry supply in the US?

988,394

Reasons people are in the horse industry for:

competition

recreation

youth education

Competition

The recreational horse owner faces many choices for his or her leisure dollar and time.

The horse industry must find ways to continue to attract the leisure dollar or risk shrinking in size.

During the past decade and a half, horse breed associations have expanded shows to include more divisions in which to compete.

Horse Associations

Not breed specific, but requires member to compete

Horse Breed Shows

Must own a horse registered through the breed association

Horse Open Shows and Saddle Clubs

Open to anyone!

Can be all types of classes, all breeds

Often more affordable, good starting point

Horse Pleasure Riding

Dude Ranch

Trail Riding

Work Horses

Ranch

Pen Riders

Types of Horses

Hunter

Stock

Saddle

Horse Breed Classifications

Light (hot-blooded)

Heavy (draft; cold-blooded)

Pony

Miniature Horse

Warmblood

Pony

14.2 hands or less

Light Horses

Weight - 800-1400 lbs

Height - 14.2-16 hands

Primarily used for riding

Arabian Horse

U.S. has largest population, but found all over the world.

Saddle Type

Light Horse Breed

Thoroughbred Horse

Hunter Type

Light Horse Breed

American Quarter Horse

More QHs in U.S. than any other breed

Stock type

Light Horse Breed

Tennessee Walking Horse

Distinctive Gait

Saddle Type

Light Horse Breed

Rack

2 beat, lateral gait

Trot

2 beat, diagonal gait

Appaloosa Horse

American Paint Horse

Stock Type

Light Horse Breed

Heavy Horses Breeds

Belgian

Percheron

Clydesdale