electrolytes

sodium value

134-145 mEq/L

what does Na affect?

Neuro

what excretes sodium?

kidneys

what are the manifestations of hyponatremia?

headache, altered mental status, seizures, coma, cerebral edema

what foods are excessive in Na?

processed foods, preserved foods, cheese, bacon, tomato paste/sauce/juice

what are the clinical manifestations of hypernatremia?

restlessness, muscle twitching, seizures

potassium value

3.5-5.3 mEq/L

What is affected with potassium?

Kidneys, EKG, and MSK

what is the organ responsible excreting potassium?

kidneys

what are the manifestations of hypokalemia?

dysrhythmias, ECG changes, msk changes

when should cardiac monitoring begin?

below 3 mEq/L

what are the manifestations of hyperkalemia?

tall peaked t-waves, n/v, ekg changes, and msk symptoms

medications for hyperkalemia?

calcium gluconate, regular insulin IV, D50, kayexalate, sodium bicarb, diuretics, dialysis

Mg values

1.6-2.2 mg/L

manifestations of hypomagnesemia

neuromuscular excitability, cardiac dysrhythmias, chvostek sign, and trosseau sign

manifestations of hypermagnesemia?

n/v, hypotension, CNS depression, resp depression, ECG changes, altered mental status

phosphate value

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

what does phosphate have an inverse relationship with?

calcium

when do clinical manifestation of hypophosphatemia often begin?

<1 mg/dL

what are manifestations of hypophosphatemia?

more systemic/generalized manifestations

what are manifestations of hyperphosphatemia?

chvostek and trousseaus, muscle cramps, tingling