AP GOV - UNIT 1 QUIZ #1 Historical Context of the Founding

Determining which Enlightenment idea it best expresses in the quote.

“There is as yet no liberty if the power of judging be not separated from legislative power and the executrix…” (Montesquieu)

Separation of powers

Popular sovereignty

“In free governments, the rulers are the servants and the people their superiors and sovereigns.” (Benjamin Franklin)

“… a government which derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the great body of the people, and is administered by persons holding their offices during pleasure for a limited period, or during good behavior” (James Madison”

“Power is of an encroaching nature and that it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it” (James Madison)

Natural Rights

“they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness…” (Thomas Jefferson")

“Every man having been born free and master himself, no one else may under any pretext whatever subject him without his consent” (Rousseau)

Social contract

All government leaders, national, state, local as well as people living in the country must adhere to the same set of guidelines. No one is exempt from them

Rule of law

Annapolis Convention

A meeting held to consider the challenges of trade and navigation attended by five states

A meeting with representative from all 13 states to fix the Articles of Confederation that ended up throwing them out and designing what became our new and continuing founding document

Constitutional Convention

A riot/protest by farmers in Western Massachusetts protesting mortgage foreclosures and inability to overcome debt

Shay’s Rebellion

During this group of meetings, attendees requested what became the Constitutional Convention

Annapolis Convention

This event highlighted the need for a strong national government

Shay’s Rebellion

During this meeting, the Constitution of the United States was debated and agreed upon

Constitutional Convention

democracy

A government by the people, both directly or indirectly, with free and frequent elections

republic

A democracy where power lies with citizens who vote for officers and representatives responsible to them

rule of law

Everyone, including citizens and elected officials, are subject to the Constitution of the nation

bicameralism

The structure of the legislative branch that divides the legislature into two chambers: House and Senate

Connecticut (Great) Compromise

The agreement upon representation in the legislative branch establishing representation by population in the House and equality in the Senate

Federalists

Supporters of the ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government

Anti-Federalists

Required that a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution to protect individuals from an over powerful government and favored stronger state governments