The ________ is located in your neck and produces chemical compounds called hormones.
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Radiation
________ can be used to stop some types of cancerous cells from growing.
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Protons
________ and neutrons are packed together tightly in a nucleus.
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Radioactive Isotopes
________ can be located by detecting the radiation they emit.
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radioisotopes
Some ________ decay to stable atoms in less than a second.
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Cloud Chamber
________: used to detect alpha or beta particle radiation.
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Gamma Rays
________ cause less damage to biological molecules as they pass through living tissue.
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Electroscope
When a(n) ________ is given a negative charge, its leaves repel each other and spread apart.
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Tracer
________: When a radioisotope is used to find or keep track of molecules in an organism.
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Geiger Counter
________: a device that measures the amount of radiation by producing an electric current when it detects a charged particle.
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alpha particles
When ________ collide with molecules in the air, positively charged ions and electrons result.
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Nucleus
A(n) ________ that decays is called a radioactive ________.
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Nuclear Fission
________: The process of splitting a nucleus into several smaller nuclei.
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Strong Force
The ________: causes protons and neutrons to be attracted to each other.
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Radioactive Dating
________ also can be used to estimate the ages of rocks.
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Transmutation
________: the process of changing one element to another through nuclear decay.
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nuclear fusion
For ________ to occur, positively charged nuclei must get close to each other.
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cancer cells
Because ________ grow quickly, they are more susceptible to absorbing radiation and being damaged than healthy cells are.
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Radioactivity
________: process of nuclear decay.
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Nuclear Radiation
________ moving through the air can remove electrons from some molecules in air.
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alpha decay
In ________, two protons and two neutrons are lost from the nucleus.
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Atoms
________ usually contain the same number of protons as electrons.
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Particles of Nuclear Radiation
________ can be detected as they leave trails of bubbles in a bubble chamber.
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Fission Reaction
A(n) ________ usually produces several individual neutrons in addition to the smaller nuclei.
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unstable nucleus decays
As a(n) ________, a small amount of mass is converted into energy.
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Gamma Rays
________: electromagnetic waves with the highest frequencies and the shortest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Alpha Particles
When ________ pass through matter, they exert an electric force on the electrons in atoms in their path.
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Cloud Chamber
A(n) ________ is filled with water or ethanol vapor.
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Beta Particle
________: The electron emitted from the nucleus.
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Background Radiation
Some ________ comes from high- speed nuclei, called cosmic rays, that strike Earths atmosphere.They produce showers of particles, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
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Nucleus
The particles in the ________ are attracted to each other by the strong force.
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Radioactive Isotope
The ________ carbon- 14 often is used to estimate the ages of plant and animal remains.
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Nuclear Fusion
________: two nuclei with small masses combine to form a nucleus of larger mass.
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Unstable Nucleus Decays
When a(n) ________, energy is emitted.
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Alpha Particles
Some smoke detectors give off ________ that ionize the surrounding air.
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Gamma Ray
The ________ produces fewer ions because it has no electric charge.
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Alpha Particles
________ can be dangerous if they are released by radioactive atoms inside the human body.
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Alpha Particles
________ are the least penetrating form of nuclear radiation.
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Alpha Particle
________: made of two protons and two neutrons.
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The Strong Force
causes protons and neutrons to be attracted to each other
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Radioactivity
process of nuclear decay
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Alpha Particle
made of two protons and two neutrons
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Transmutation
the process of changing one element to another through nuclear decay
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Beta Particle
The electron emitted from the nucleus
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Gamma Rays
electromagnetic waves with the highest frequencies and the shortest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum
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Half-Life
the amount of time it' takes for half the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay
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Cloud Chamber
used to detect alpha or beta particle radiation
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Bubble Chamber
holds a superheated liquid, which doesnt boil because the pressure in the chamber is high
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Geiger Counter
a device that measures the amount of radiation by producing an electric current when it detects a charged particle
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Nuclear Fission
The process of splitting a nucleus into several smaller nuclei
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Chain Reaction
The series of repeated fission reactions caused by the release of neutrons in each reaction
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Critical Mass
the amount of material required so that each fission reaction produces approximately one more fission reaction
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Nuclear Fusion
two nuclei with small masses combine to form a nucleus of larger mass
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Tracer
When a radioisotope is used to find or keep track of molecules in an organism
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Beta Particles
The ________ are absorbed by the surrounding tissues, but the gamma rays penetrate the skin.
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Radioactive Iodine
________- 131 accumulates in the thyroid gland and emits gamma rays, which can be detected to form an image of a patients thyroid.
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Damage
________ from alpha particles can cause cells not to function properly, leading to illness and disease.
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Plates
The ions and electrons move toward charged ________, creating a current in the smoke detector.
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Albert Einstein
________ proposed that mass and energy were related in his special theory of relativity.
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Background radiation
________ comes from several sources.
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Low-Level radiation
It is ________ emitted mainly by naturally occurring radioactive isotopes found in Earths rocks, soils, and atmosphere.
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Atoms of an element all
The ________ have the same number of protons in their nuclei.
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Radioactive iodine
131 accumulates in the thyroid gland and emits gamma rays, which can be detected to form an image of a patients thyroid
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Flashcard (132)