Studied by 0 peopleThyroid Gland
The ________ is located in your neck and produces chemical compounds called hormones.
Radiation
________ can be used to stop some types of cancerous cells from growing.
Protons
________ and neutrons are packed together tightly in a nucleus.
Radioactive Isotopes
________ can be located by detecting the radiation they emit.
radioisotopes
Some ________ decay to stable atoms in less than a second.
Cloud Chamber
________: used to detect alpha or beta particle radiation.
Gamma Rays
________ cause less damage to biological molecules as they pass through living tissue.
Electroscope
When a(n) ________ is given a negative charge, its leaves repel each other and spread apart.
Tracer
________: When a radioisotope is used to find or keep track of molecules in an organism.
Geiger Counter
________: a device that measures the amount of radiation by producing an electric current when it detects a charged particle.
alpha particles
When ________ collide with molecules in the air, positively charged ions and electrons result.
Nucleus
A(n) ________ that decays is called a radioactive ________.
Nuclear Fission
________: The process of splitting a nucleus into several smaller nuclei.
Strong Force
The ________: causes protons and neutrons to be attracted to each other.
Radioactive Dating
________ also can be used to estimate the ages of rocks.
Transmutation
________: the process of changing one element to another through nuclear decay.
nuclear fusion
For ________ to occur, positively charged nuclei must get close to each other.
cancer cells
Because ________ grow quickly, they are more susceptible to absorbing radiation and being damaged than healthy cells are.
Radioactivity
________: process of nuclear decay.
Nuclear Radiation
________ moving through the air can remove electrons from some molecules in air.
alpha decay
In ________, two protons and two neutrons are lost from the nucleus.
Atoms
________ usually contain the same number of protons as electrons.
Particles of Nuclear Radiation
________ can be detected as they leave trails of bubbles in a bubble chamber.
Fission Reaction
A(n) ________ usually produces several individual neutrons in addition to the smaller nuclei.
unstable nucleus decays
As a(n) ________, a small amount of mass is converted into energy.
Gamma Rays
________: electromagnetic waves with the highest frequencies and the shortest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Alpha Particles
When ________ pass through matter, they exert an electric force on the electrons in atoms in their path.
Cloud Chamber
A(n) ________ is filled with water or ethanol vapor.
Beta Particle
________: The electron emitted from the nucleus.
Background Radiation
Some ________ comes from high- speed nuclei, called cosmic rays, that strike Earths atmosphere.They produce showers of particles, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
Nucleus
The particles in the ________ are attracted to each other by the strong force.
Radioactive Isotope
The ________ carbon- 14 often is used to estimate the ages of plant and animal remains.
Nuclear Fusion
________: two nuclei with small masses combine to form a nucleus of larger mass.
Unstable Nucleus Decays
When a(n) ________, energy is emitted.
Alpha Particles
Some smoke detectors give off ________ that ionize the surrounding air.
Gamma Ray
The ________ produces fewer ions because it has no electric charge.
Alpha Particles
________ can be dangerous if they are released by radioactive atoms inside the human body.
Alpha Particles
________ are the least penetrating form of nuclear radiation.
Alpha Particle
________: made of two protons and two neutrons.
The Strong Force
causes protons and neutrons to be attracted to each other
Radioactivity
process of nuclear decay
Alpha Particle
made of two protons and two neutrons
Transmutation
the process of changing one element to another through nuclear decay
Beta Particle
The electron emitted from the nucleus
Gamma Rays
electromagnetic waves with the highest frequencies and the shortest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum
Half-Life
the amount of time it' takes for half the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay
Cloud Chamber
used to detect alpha or beta particle radiation
Bubble Chamber
holds a superheated liquid, which doesnt boil because the pressure in the chamber is high
Geiger Counter
a device that measures the amount of radiation by producing an electric current when it detects a charged particle
Nuclear Fission
The process of splitting a nucleus into several smaller nuclei
Chain Reaction
The series of repeated fission reactions caused by the release of neutrons in each reaction
Critical Mass
the amount of material required so that each fission reaction produces approximately one more fission reaction
Nuclear Fusion
two nuclei with small masses combine to form a nucleus of larger mass
Tracer
When a radioisotope is used to find or keep track of molecules in an organism
Beta Particles
The ________ are absorbed by the surrounding tissues, but the gamma rays penetrate the skin.
Radioactive Iodine
________- 131 accumulates in the thyroid gland and emits gamma rays, which can be detected to form an image of a patients thyroid.
Damage
________ from alpha particles can cause cells not to function properly, leading to illness and disease.
Plates
The ions and electrons move toward charged ________, creating a current in the smoke detector.
Albert Einstein
________ proposed that mass and energy were related in his special theory of relativity.
Background radiation
________ comes from several sources.
Low-Level radiation
It is ________ emitted mainly by naturally occurring radioactive isotopes found in Earths rocks, soils, and atmosphere.
Atoms of an element all
The ________ have the same number of protons in their nuclei.
Radioactive iodine
131 accumulates in the thyroid gland and emits gamma rays, which can be detected to form an image of a patients thyroid
Note
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