ORAL COM: WEEK 1 - 3

COMMUNICATION

A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior.

A process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another using different means, medium, context, media, and cultures

COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS

It is a step by step activity and it is essentially a two-way process that involves the active participation of both the sender and receiver.

COMMUNICATION IS MUCH OF AN ART THAN SCIENCE

There is no right or wrong way to communicate – no set of absolute rules to be followed but there are underlying principles to guide us into effective communication.

COMMUNICATION HAS A SENDER AND RECEIVER

Communication occurs between two or more people acting the speaker or the receiver of the message. It is a two-way process.

COMMUNICATION IS VERBAL OR NON-VERBAL

Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words or actions of both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time

COMMUNICATION IS INEVITABLE

Communication is taking place even when someone does not want or intend to communicate.

COMMUNICATION IS IRREVERSIBLE

What you have said can never be unsaid

COMMUNICATION IS UNREPEATABLE

Unrepeatability means that an act of communication can never be duplicated.

SENDER/RECEIVER

When people start talking or sharing ideas, insights, information, experiences, emotions or opinions, the communication process begins

MESSAGE

This is the most vital element in communication.

CHANNEL

It is the route traveled by the message between the sender to the receiver.

FEEDBACK

It is the reaction observed in both the sender and the receiver

NOISE

It is the presence of a disturbing factor that may lead to a misunderstanding of the message. Noise may vary.

SETTING

It is the venue of the communication

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

He was the first to take an initiative and design the communication model

SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

It describes the way in which information flows from a sender to a receiver.

A model consisting of basic elements such as a source, encoder, medium, decoder, receiver, and noise.

SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Information is of no use unless and until it is carefully put into words and conveyed to others.

BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

David Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication represents the process of communication in its simplest form.

The acronym SMCR stands for Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver.

HELICAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Frank Dance's communication model assumes that a person's communication starts at birth, and continues as life progresses.

PARALANGUAGE

The “how” of saying something. It is about “how” something is said, not what is said.

FLOWERS

The use of flowers based on the meaning of each types of flower

COLORS

The use of colors based on the meaning of each color

CHRONEMICS

(Language of Time) The use of time based on the position or power

PROXEMICS

(Language of Space) The use of space to show importance. The use of space provides us with ideas about how close or how far people are from the power or where a person is in the social ladder.

HAPTICS

(Language if Touch) The use of touch to express what cannot be said. Is one of the most powerful of the types of nonverbal communication

GESTURES

Is the most common type of nonverbal communication.

FACIAL EXPRESSION

It is the type of nonverbal communication that assists the listener in understanding the message better. The configuration of the eyes, eyebrows, lips, cheeks, nose, and forehead to show how the person feels

POSTURE AND PERSONAL APPEARANCE

The way one carries and dresses oneself

PHYSICAL BARRIERS

An element or a physical factor that acts as a distraction to hinder the flow of communication.

PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS

These communication barriers exist in people’s minds based on how they perceive the world around them

EMOTIONAL BARRIER

Are the negative feelings we acquire about certain people, places and situations

ATTITUDE

Sometimes, strong emotions like anger or sadness can affect your objectivity. Being extremely nervous, having personal agendas or asserting the need to win the argument can make communication less effective.

LANGUAGE BARRIERS

Even people who speak the same native language can have difficulty understanding each other if they’re from different generations, regions of the same country. Language causes communication barriers if you use words that other people are unfamiliar with.

SLANG

BF/GF, Bae, BFF, ISTG, FR, GOAT, Extra, Flex, Ghosting, Tea, etc.

PROFESSIONAL JARGON

Business jargon is words and phrases used by business employees to convey unique ideas and directions

REGIONAL COLLOQUIALISMS

Word or expressions used in or suited familiar or informal conversations

CULTURAL BARRIERS

Cultural communication barriers arise if you don’t understand the group’s required behaviour patterns, which increases the risk of doing something its members frown upon.

GENDER BARRIERS

Gender stereotypes, assumed gender roles and interpersonal differences can lead to unhealthy communication gaps.

PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS

It is related with the limitations of the human body and the human mind (memory, attention, and perception). It may result from individuals’ personal discomfort, caused by ill-health, poor eyesight, or hearing difficulties.

LACK OF COMMON EXPERIENCES

Using examples or stories to explain or enhance a point is a great idea. However, if others cannot relate to these examples because they do not have the same knowledge or shared experiences, then this tool will be ineffective