philosophy

Red herring

Diverts attention from argument to something else

Straw man

Attacking it fallaciously by distorting it (misrepresenting someone’s argument to attack) (dumbing it down, so ridiculous no one would believe it)

Appeal to ignorance

Just because we haven’t proved something doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist.

Appeal to emotion

Using emotions to persuade someone.

Ad hominem

Attacking something about a person, rather than addressing their views.

Appeal to authority

Maintaining that an individual of authority determines the truth.

Equivocation

Using words to form sentences that can have more than one meaning.

Division

if the whole entity has a characteristic than the parts of it have the same characteristic

Composition

If the parts of an entity have a certain characteristic than the whole entity ,its have the same characteristic

Appeal to popularity

Believing something is true simply because many people believe it to be so.

Appeal to tradition

Believing something is true simply because people have believed it to be true for a long time.

Genetic fallacy

Attacking or praising a view solely based on its origin.