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Conventional Sources of Energy

Energy sources that have been in use for a long time and are still used on a large scale, such as coal and petroleum.

Coal

An important mineral formed from the decomposition of plants and trees, occurring as sedimentary rock.

Anthracite

The highest and hardest quality of coal, burning slowly without smoke and having a high heating value.

Bituminous Coal

Known as cooking coal, used to produce coke, coal gas, and steam coal; high-grade bituminous coal is also for domestic use.

Lignite

Also known as brown coal; a lower grade of coal with about 40% carbon and less combustible matter.

Peat

The first stage of transformation of wood into coal, considered inferior to other types of coal.

Gondwana Coalfields

Coalfields in India that account for 98% of the total coal reserves, primarily located in river valleys.

Tertiary Coalfields

Coalfields found in India with high moisture content, located in states like Assam and Arunanchal Pradesh.

Petroleum

A liquid mineral resource known as 'liquid gold,' found in underground reservoirs and used to produce various fuels and chemicals.

Natural Gas

A fossil fuel that occurs in association with mineral oil, composed primarily of methane and used as a cleaner energy source.

Hydel Power

Electricity generated from water, utilizing the force of falling water to turn turbines.

Biomass

Organic material that can be used as a renewable energy source through combustion or conversion to biofuels.

Greenhouse Gases

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming; generated from burning fossil fuels.

Hydroelectricity

Electricity produced from the energy of running or falling water.

Bhakra Nangal Project

A multipurpose dam project providing irrigation, hydroelectricity, and flood control, involving the Bhakra Dam and Nangal Dam.

Hirakud Dam

One of the earliest multipurpose river projects in India, built across the Mahanadi River, known for its flood control and irrigation capabilities.