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These flashcards cover key concepts related to the endocrine system, focusing on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, thyroid, and parathyroid functions, as described in the lecture notes.

Hypothalamic-pituitary axis

A major link between the nervous and endocrine systems, controlling hormonal release through the pituitary gland.

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

The front portion of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones like growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

The back portion of the pituitary gland that releases hormones produced in the hypothalamus, such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Tropic hormones

Hormones that are released by the hypothalamus and stimulate other endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Thyroid gland

A butterfly-shaped gland located below the larynx that produces hormones such as thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin.

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

A hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids.

Calcitonin (CT)

A hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity.

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulate metabolism and are critical for normal growth and development.