physci

Universe

Everything that exists, approximately 13.7 billion years old, theoretically born through the Big Bang.

Earth

Our home planet, an oblate spheroid, third in the Solar System, and has one moon.

Earth's Four Spheres

Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere; essential for life to exist.

Terrestrial Domain

Aristotle's belief that a force is needed for motion; includes concepts of alteration and generation.

Natural Motion

Motion occurring without force, exemplified by Newton’s Law of Motion and free fall.

Violent Motion

Motion that requires force; involves the four elements:fire, air, water, and earth.

Diurnal Motion

The apparent motion of stars from east to west due to Earth's rotation.

Annual Motion

The motion of the sun through the sky due to Earth's revolution.

Ecliptic

The path of the sun across the sky.

Precession

The gradual change in the orientation of Earth's axis caused by gravitational forces from the moon and sun.

Eudoxus of Cnidus

Proposed the Homocentric Model where stars, sun, and moon revolve around the Earth.

Aristotle

Developed the Geocentric model, describing the universe as a "sphere composed of spheres."

Aristarchus of Samos

First to propose the Heliocentric Model, suggesting a sun-centered universe.

Ptolemy & Brahe

Advocated the Geocentric Model, asserting the Earth is immovable, introducing epicycles and deferents.

Copernicus

Proposed the Heliocentric model, explaining retrograde motion.

Kepler's Law of Orbits

States that all planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun.

Kepler's Law of Area

Explains that the closer a planet is to the sun, the faster it revolves.

Kepler's Law of Periods

Also known as the Law of Harmonies, compares the orbital period of a planet to its radius.

Aristotelian View of Motion

Differentiates between natural and violent motion; heavier objects fall faster.

Galilean View of Motion

Introduced the concept of friction; mass does not affect the speed of free-falling objects.

Newton's First Law of Motion

A body at rest remains at rest, and a body in motion continues in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Acceleration is directly related to net force and inversely related to mass.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Momentum

Defined as "mass in motion," directly proportional to both velocity and mass.