Exam 2: Set 2: Genetic Linkage and Mapping
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15 Terms
Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment
the allele a gamete receives for one gene doesn’t affect the allele it receives for another. Genes are sorted into reproductive cells independently of each other.
linkage group
a set of genes on the same chromosome that are inherited together as a unit as a function of their proximity. They disobey the law of independent assortment. Also, another name for chromosomes
genetic distance
the linkage between alleles as a function of their distance from each other
centiMorgans (cM)
the unit of distance used to measure genetic distance between alleles. Also called map units.
genetic map
a diagram of the order of alleles on a chromosome
syntenic groups
a set of genes located closely together on the same chromosome across different species. This indicates a shared evolutionary ancestry.
How is genetic distance related to independent assortment?
alleles that are closer together are less likely to cross over, meaning they violate independent segregation. Alleles that are further apart on a chromosome are more likely to follow the law.
recombination frequency (RF)
the likelihood two genes will separate during meiosis. (recombinant/total*100)
The maximum recombination frequency
50%, below that number exhibits genetic linkage. Above are unlinked
parental offspring
has the same allelic combinations as the parent generation also called nonrecombinant
recombinant
contains new allelic combinations then the parental generation. also called nonparental
when does genetic recombination occur?
during prophase I of meiosis via crossing over
testcross
typically between an individual that is a known heterozygote for the traits being mapped and an individual that is homozygous recessive for the same traits.
truebreeding
an individual who is known to be homozygous for the studied traits
map distance
the number of recombinant offspring divides by the total number of offspring, multiplied by 100. Answer is given in map units/centiMorgans