Kinesiology Chapter 4: Articular System and Arthrokinematics

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to the articular system and arthrokinematics.

Function of Joints

Joints allow motion and provide stability.

Synarthrosis

A type of joint that provides stability.

Diarthrosis

A type of joint that provides mobility.

Synarthrodial Joints

A classification of joints that includes fibrous, cartilaginous, and gomphosis.

Fibrous Joint

A joint type that offers stability; bones interlock and are joined by fibrous tissue.

Gomphosis

A peg-in-socket joint, specifically found in teeth.

Cartilaginous Joint

A joint type that allows small amounts of bending and is connected by cartilage.

Intervertebral Disks

Fibrocartilage disks found between vertebrae.

Diarthrodial Joints

Also known as synovial joints, typically provide mobility.

Synovial Fluid

Fluid produced by the synovial membrane that lubricates and nourishes joints.

Articular Cartilage

Smooth tissue covering the ends of bones in synovial joints.

Non-axial Joint

A joint allowing slight gliding motion with no true axis.

Uniaxial Joint

A joint allowing movement in one plane about one axis.

Biaxial Joint

A joint permitting movement in two planes about two axes.

Triaxial Joint

A joint enabling movement in three planes about three axes.

Joint Capsule

A fibrous tissue surrounding and encasing a joint.

Synovial Membrane

Inner layer of the joint capsule that produces synovial fluid.

Bursa

A fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between joint surfaces.

Types of Cartilage

The three types are hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.

Hyaline Cartilage

Smooth cartilage that covers the ends of bones; lacks blood supply.

Fibrocartilage

Cartilage providing shock absorption; found in menisci and intervertebral disks.

Elastic Cartilage

Maintains structure while allowing flexibility; found in external ear.

Tendons

Connective tissues that attach muscles to bones.

Aponeurosis

A broad, flat sheet of connective tissue.

Normal End Feel

Expected sensation at the end of normal range of motion.

Abnormal End Feel

Unusual sensation suggesting limitation due to pain or injury.

Soft End Feel

Sensation where motion is halted by soft tissue.

Firm End Feel

Sensation where motion is limited by tension in ligaments or muscles.

Hard End Feel

Abrupt stop due to bone-on-bone contact.

Empty End Feel

Abrupt halt in motion due to patient pain.

Joint Surfaces

The shapes of joint surfaces that determine arthrokinematic motions.

Ovoid Joint

A joint where one surface is larger and has a concave-convex relationship.

Sellar (Saddle) Joint

A joint type where each surface has both concave and convex characteristics.

Joint Surface Congruency

Degree to which joint surfaces fit together.

Close-packed Position

Most congruent position of joint surfaces that maximizes stability.

Open-packed Position

A position with minimal congruency allowing for more mobility.

Arthrokinematic Motions

The types and directions of movements at a joint.

Concave-Convex Rule

Describes movement direction based on joint surface shapes.

Common Joint Pathologies

Conditions like dislocation, osteoarthritis, sprains, and strains.