Studied by 4 people
motivation
the tendency to act to achieve a particular goal
the 4 perspectives of motivated behavior
instic/evolutionary
drive-reduction theory
cognitive theory
humanistic theory
instinc/evolutionary
partly fixed (genetically predisositioned) behaviors, motivation is party fixed
drive-reduction theory
work of clark hull, a philisophical need creates a aroused state that motivates us to satisfy the need (cravings). we need to establish homeostasis
cognitive theory
finding the right level of stimulation. we act in particular ways at particular times as a result of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
engaging in an activity to obtain incentives or external rewards
intrinstic motivation
engaging in activities because they are personally rewarding
humanistic theory
stresses the importance of personal growth. some needs take priority over others
maslows pyramid
believed that everyone was born with the ability to fulfill their highest needs, but it can only be doen after the lower needs are satisfied first- motivation falls into a natural hierarchy called “maslovs pyramid “
self-actualization
relization of ones unique potential
phisiological motives
thirst drive, hunger, and sex
biological
thirst drive
deprival of water
we want to stay in a constant state of homeostasis
our hypothalymus is our control center for this
lateral hypothalmus
our “go button“ in relation to hunger
vertralmedial hypothalmus
our “stop“ button in relation to hunger
set-point
amount of food in the stomach
sex drive
controlled by psychonlogicaland social factors (doesnt come from hormones but whats around us and societies effect)
masters and johnson
came up with the sexual response cycle
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
psychological motives
curiosity/exploration
approval
achievement
achievment
serving to increase or maintan ones competence
depends on success and behavior → level of apsiration
level of aspiration
the goal you hope to achieve in a particular area
the level of aspiration that is put in depends on how badly you desire the end result
levels of aspiration are influenced by
people whom we compare ourselves with
past sucesses or faliures
personality
unconscious motives
sigmund freud originated this idea that humans are primarily motivated by unconcious needs and desires and that in our brain we have libido and that in this libido, a battle takes place between life forces and death instinct
libido
a reservoir of motivational energy
libido winner
The winner of the internal battle between life forces and death instinct gains control of the personality
3 types of motivation conflict
aproach-approach conflict
aproach-avoidance conflict
avoidance-avoidance conflict
approach-approach conflict
two equally desireable goals that compete with eachother where you can only pick one (ex: going to disney world or going to universal)
approcah-avoidance conflict
one goal that has a desireable and undesireable aspect to it (ex: i really want to eat sweets all day but i dont want to gain weight)
avoidance-avoidance conflict
two undesirable goals, but you must choose one (ex: i dont want to go to physcial therapy because itll hurt, but I also dont want to loose all mobility in my leg)
emotion
feelings connected with behavior
james-lang theory
bodily changes causes emotion- act then feel
cannon-bard theory
act and feel at the same time
schachter-singer theory
you interpret the enviorement then feel emotion
oponent processing theory
you feel the emotion, then an opposing emotion comes that fights it
fear
produces three basic bodily changes
increased breathing
sweaty palms
high muscular tension
most obvious expressions of emotion
joy
fear
pain
anger
grief
we can feel these emotions singly or in combinations
anger
produces 4 basic bodily changes:
galvanic skin response: the measure of electrical conduct on the skin is increased (goosebumps)
decreased heart rate
increase in blood pressure
increase muscular tension
happiness
when your happy, you tend to be more helpful
feel good, do good
adrenaline
comes from the adrenal gland, activated by the excitement of fear and anger.
help one prepare for shore time emergency activity
agression
usually caused by frustration
theory of catharsis
states that we should take time everyday to cleanse ypur emotions (let it all out) so we dont hold it all inside
what simulates
social roles, enviorement, and the media
what is the order of maslows pyramid (bottom to top)
fundemental values
safety+security
love and belonging needs
self-esteem needs
self-actualization
what are classified as the phisiological needs on maslows pyramid
fundamental needs
safety and security
what are classified as the psychological needs on malows pyramid
love and belonging needs
self-esteem needs
self-actualization
Note 
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