CP Psyc test #7

motivation

the tendency to act to achieve a particular goal

the 4 perspectives of motivated behavior

instic/evolutionary

drive-reduction theory

cognitive theory

humanistic theory

instinc/evolutionary

partly fixed (genetically predisositioned) behaviors, motivation is party fixed

drive-reduction theory

work of clark hull, a philisophical need creates a aroused state that motivates us to satisfy the need (cravings). we need to establish homeostasis

cognitive theory

finding the right level of stimulation. we act in particular ways at particular times as a result of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

extrinsic motivation

engaging in an activity to obtain incentives or external rewards

intrinstic motivation

engaging in activities because they are personally rewarding

humanistic theory

stresses the importance of personal growth. some needs take priority over others

maslows pyramid

believed that everyone was born with the ability to fulfill their highest needs, but it can only be doen after the lower needs are satisfied first- motivation falls into a natural hierarchy called “maslovs pyramid “

self-actualization

relization of ones unique potential

phisiological motives

* thirst drive, hunger, and sex
* biological

thirst drive

* deprival of water
* we want to stay in a constant state of homeostasis
* our hypothalymus is our control center for this

lateral hypothalmus

our “go button“ in relation to hunger

vertralmedial hypothalmus

our “stop“ button in relation to hunger

set-point

amount of food in the stomach

sex drive

controlled by psychonlogicaland social factors (doesnt come from hormones but whats around us and societies effect)

masters and johnson

* came up with the sexual response cycle
* excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

psychological motives

* curiosity/exploration
* approval
* achievement

achievment

* serving to increase or maintan ones competence
* depends on success and behavior → level of apsiration

level of aspiration

* the goal you hope to achieve in a particular area
* the level of aspiration that is put in depends on how badly you desire the end result

levels of aspiration are influenced by

* people whom we compare ourselves with
* past sucesses or faliures
* personality

unconscious motives

sigmund freud originated this idea that humans are primarily motivated by unconcious needs and desires and that in our brain we have libido and that in this libido, a battle takes place between life forces and death instinct

libido

a reservoir of motivational energy

libido winner

The winner of the internal battle between life forces and death instinct gains control of the personality

3 types of motivation conflict

* aproach-approach conflict
* aproach-avoidance conflict
* avoidance-avoidance conflict

approach-approach conflict

two equally desireable goals that compete with eachother where you can only pick one (ex: going to disney world or going to universal)

approcah-avoidance conflict

one goal that has a desireable and undesireable aspect to it (ex: i really want to eat sweets all day but i dont want to gain weight)

avoidance-avoidance conflict

two undesirable goals, but you must choose one (ex: i dont want to go to physcial therapy because itll hurt, but I also dont want to loose all mobility in my leg)

emotion

feelings connected with behavior

james-lang theory

bodily changes causes emotion- act then feel

cannon-bard theory

act and feel at the same time

schachter-singer theory

you interpret the enviorement then feel emotion

oponent processing theory

you feel the emotion, then an opposing emotion comes that fights it

fear

produces three basic bodily changes

* increased breathing
* sweaty palms
* high muscular tension

most obvious expressions of emotion

* joy
* fear
* pain
* anger
* grief
* we can feel these emotions singly or in combinations

anger

produces 4 basic bodily changes:

* galvanic skin response: the measure of electrical conduct on the skin is increased (goosebumps)
* decreased heart rate
* increase in blood pressure
* increase muscular tension

happiness

when your happy, you tend to be more helpful

feel good, do good

adrenaline

* comes from the adrenal gland, activated by the excitement of fear and anger.
* help one prepare for shore time emergency activity

agression

usually caused by frustration

theory of catharsis

* states that we should take time everyday to cleanse ypur emotions (let it all out) so we dont hold it all inside

what simulates

social roles, enviorement, and the media

what is the order of maslows pyramid (bottom to top)

1. fundemental values
2. safety+security
3. love and belonging needs
4. self-esteem needs
5. self-actualization

what are classified as the phisiological needs on maslows pyramid

* fundamental needs
* safety and security

what are classified as the psychological needs on malows pyramid

* love and belonging needs
* self-esteem needs
* self-actualization