Review of Lecture on African Independence Movements and Global Politics

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts relating to movements for independence in Africa and their global implications, including influential leaders, methods of resistance, and significant historical events.

Ping Pong Diplomacy

A significant diplomatic effort between the United States and China initiated in 1971 that led to improved relations.

Détente

The easing of strained relations, particularly in a political situation, often associated with the United States and China.

Perestroika

A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s aimed at restructuring the economic and political system of the Soviet Union.

De-colonization

The process by which colonies gained independence from colonial powers, significant in the mid-20th century.

Algerian War of Independence

A violent struggle from 1954 to 1962 between France and Algerian nationalists which led to Algeria gaining independence.

Mau Mau Rebellion

A military conflict in Kenya that occurred in the 1950s involving the Kenya Land and Freedom Army against British colonial rule.

African Union (AU)

A continental union consisting of all 55 African countries, established in 2001 to promote unity and cooperation.

Pan-Africanism

A worldwide intellectual movement aimed at unifying African peoples, both on the continent and in the diaspora.

Ujamaa

A policy of African socialism articulated by Julius Nyerere in Tanzania emphasizing collective self-reliance.

Frantz Fanon

A Martinican philosopher and revolutionary whose works provided a critical perspective on colonialism and violence in liberation movements.

Rhodesian Declaration of Independence

A unilateral declaration made by Ian Smith in 1965 asserting independence without majority rule, leading to a protracted civil war.

Nonviolent protest

A form of activism that seeks to achieve social or political change through peaceful means, exemplified by Gandhi's campaigns.

The Organization of African Unity (OAU)

An organization established in 1963 to promote unity and solidarity among African states.

Self-reliance

The ability of a country to depend on its own resources and capabilities without reliance on foreign assistance.

Julius Nyerere

The first president of Tanzania, known for his role in advocating for African socialism and independence.

Fidel Castro

The leader of Cuba who came to power in 1959 after overthrowing Batista, marking a significant moment in the Cold War.

Talatoloco Massacre

A 1968 incident in Mexico City where soldiers killed hundreds of protesters just before the Olympics.

Kwame Nkrumah

The first President of Ghana and a significant figure in African independence and Pan-Africanism.

Gandhi

An Indian nationalist leader known for his philosophy of nonviolent resistance against colonial rule.

Independence Movements

The various struggles across Africa in the mid-20th century aimed at ending colonial rule.