Lesson 2 Philosophy

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Quiz in Philo

Philosophy

32 Terms

1

To think or express oneself in a philosophical manner

Philosophizing

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2

Opinion

Belief, impression, or judgment about something but not necessarily based on facts (Subjective)

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3

Truth

Something that has been proven by facts and is observable (Objective)

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4

Socratic Method

A process of asking open-ended questions that are committed to finding the truth

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5

Dialectical Method

It is a method of studying and understanding the real development and change

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6

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel & Karl Marx

Popularized the dialectical methods

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7

Formula for DM

Thesis vs Antithesis results in Synthesis

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8

Hemeneutics Etymology

Associated with the Greek God, Hermes and is derived from hermeneusal and hermeneia which means interpreting or interpretation

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9

Hermeneutics

Understanding of a particular reality

Offers a toolbox for efficiently treating problems of the interpretation of human actions, texts, and other meaningful material

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10

Hermeneutics

Understanding of the author

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11

Essence

Properties that make an entity what it fundamentally is (Mental)

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12

Accident

Property that the entity or substance without which the substance can still retain its identity (Physical)

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13

Phenomenology Etymology

Greek word phainomenon which means appearance
Logos which means study or reason

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14

Phenomenology

A phenomenon is that which appears to the consciousness of the mind

Phenomenology investigates the essence of nature of the things that appear to a person

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15

Edmund Husserl

Started the method of phenomenology

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16

Phenomenological Strategies

Bracketing
Eidetic Reduction

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17

Existentialism

Emphasizes the persons lived experience to get to the true meaning of reality

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18

Logic

A science that focuses on the analysis and construction of arguments.

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19

Kinds of Reasoning

Inductive
Deductive

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20

Inductive

Specific to General

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21

Deductive

General to Specific

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22

Fallacies

A defect in an argument other than its having false premises

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23

Appeal to Pity (Argumentum Ad Misericordiam)

Someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting their opponent's feelings of pity or guilt

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24

Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum Ad Ignorantiam)

Whatever has not been proven false must be true or vice versa

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25

Equivocation

The logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times but giving the particular word a different meaning each time

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26

Against the Person (Argumentum Ad Hominem)

Attacking the person's character rather than the logic or content of the argument

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27

Appeal to Force (Argumentum Ad Baculum)

Argument where force, coercion, or the threat of force is given as a justification for a conclusion

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28

Appeal to People (Argumentum Ad Populum)

Exploits people’s vanities, desire for esteem, and anchoring on popularity

Concludes that a proposition must be true because many or most people believe it

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29

False Cause (Post Hoc)

One reason is that since an event occurred before another, then the first event caused the other

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30

Appeal to Tradition

The idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time

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31

Hasty Generalization

One reaches an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence

Conclusion without considering all of the variables

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32

Begging the question (Petitio Principii)

The proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly or explicitly in the premise of circular reasoning

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