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Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Lecture 20 on gaseous exchange.
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Respiration
The process by which organisms exchange gases with their environment.
Inspiration
The process of inhaling air into the lungs.
Expiration
The process of exhaling air from the lungs.
Medulla Oblongata
Part of the brain stem that regulates breathing.
Chemoreceptors
Sensors that detect changes in pH, pO2, and pCO2.
Boyle’s Law
At a constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
Intrapulmonary pressure
The pressure within the lungs during breathing.
Diaphragm
A muscle that contracts and relaxes to facilitate breathing.
Spirometry
A test that measures lung function by assessing airflow.
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Pulmonary Capillaries
Small blood vessels that surround the alveoli.
Respiratory membrane
The barrier through which gases diffuse, located between alveoli and capillaries.
Partial pressure
The pressure exerted by a specific gas in a mixture of gases.
Dalton’s Law
The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.
Gas exchange
The process of transferring oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood.
Henry’s Law
The concentration of a gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure.
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration.
Total lung capacity (TLC)
The total volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation.
Residual volume (RV)
The volume of air left in the lungs after a maximum exhalation.
Vital capacity (VC)
The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.