Net+ Studies

NAS

Cost-efficient file-based storage solution commonly used for backups

iSCSI SAN

Provides block-level storage over IP

Dual Stack

Runs IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously on the same network/device

SLAAC

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration; automatically configures an IPv6 address without requiring a DHCP server

Wi-Fi

Wireless LAN technology used for network access and transferring data over a local area

RFID

Uses radio waves to identify and track tagged objects

4G

Cellular generation that includes LTE and LTE-Advanced

LTE

4G cellular technology

PAT

Allows many private IP addresses to share one public IP by using different port numbers

Static NAT

Maps one private IP address to one public IP address

Dynamic NAT

Maps private IP addresses to addresses from a public IP pool

HSRP

Allows routers to share a virtual IP address for gateway redundancy

OSPF

Scalable interior routing protocol commonly used in large enterprise networks

BGP

Routing protocol used between autonomous systems on the Internet

EIGRP

A dynamic routing protocol used within an organization’s network (an autonomous system) to automatically determine the best path to a destination. By default, EIGRP uses bandwidth and delay as its metric to select the best path.

RIP

Routing Information Protocol; older routing protocol with a 15-hop maximum

6 GHz

Wi-Fi frequency band with the newest spectrum and generally the least congestion

Maintenance window

Pre-approved time period for performing changes that could disrupt production services

Legal hold

Requirement to preserve potentially relevant information and prevent its destruction

Site survey report

Wireless documentation showing coverage areas and signal strengths

SNMP

Used to monitor and manage network devices

SNMP trap

Asynchronous notification sent by an SNMP agent to a manager when a significant event occurs

Verbose trap

An SNMP trap containing a large amount of information about an event

Granular trap

SNMP trap containing a specific object identifier (OID) and its value

OID

Object Identifier; identifies a variable that can be read or set through SNMP

MIB

Defines the structure of management data using OIDs

Port mirroring

Copies network traffic from one port/interface to another for monitoring and analysis

Non-authoritative DNS server

Caching DNS server that resolves external domain names by storing responses from authoritative servers

On-path attack

Attack in which an attacker positions themselves between two communicating parties and can intercept or alter traffic

DNS poisoning

Attack that corrupts DNS responses to redirect users to a different destination

ARP poisoning

Attack that corrupts ARP mappings to redirect traffic on a local network

Stateless firewall

Firewall that evaluates each packet independently without tracking connection state

Fiber transceiver wavelength

The wavelength used by both transceivers must be compatible for the fiber link to work

CDP

Allows Cisco devices to discover information about directly connected devices

LLDP

Vendor-neutral protocol used to advertise device identity and capabilities

SMB

Used for file and printer sharing

SMTP

Used to send email

Access port

Switch port assigned to one VLAN; normally connects to an end device

Trunk port

Switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs

VLAN hopping

Attack that allows an attacker to access traffic or devices in another VLAN

Switch spoofing

VLAN-hopping attack where an attacker tricks a switch into treating their port as a trunk

PTR record

DNS record used for reverse DNS lookups; maps an IP address to a hostname

TDR

Helps locate faults such as breaks or problems in a cable

Split horizon

Routing rule that prevents a router from advertising a route back out the interface where it learned that route

DHCPv6

IPv6 protocol that can provide address and other network configuration information

Single-mode fiber

Ideal for long-distance communication

Multimode fiber

Suited for shorter distances

VXLAN

Encapsulates Layer 2 Ethernet frames within Layer 3 UDP packets

Unicast

Communication only has one sender and one receiver, works with IPv4 or IPv6

Anycast

Works with IPv6, communications are sent to the nearest receiver in a group of receivers with the same IP

SOA

Used to indicate which DNS server is the definitive information source for the domain

SLAAC

Used to automatically assign an IPv6 address to a host

LACP

Used combine multiple network connections in parallel to increase throughput

TACACS+

Used to centralize administrator access, permissions, and auditing for network devices like routers and switches

RADIUS

Networking protocol that provides centralized (AAA) management for users and devices connecting to a network.

NTS

provides the necessary security enhancements to the NTP

VTP

Allows a VLAN created on one switch to be propagated to other switches in a group of switches

MPLS

Routing technique that directs data from one node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses

NAC

Restricts unauthorized users and devices from gaining access to a private or corporate network

OTDR

Can identify if a fiber cable is broken and provide an approximate location for the break

802.1X

Port-based network access control that authenticates devices before granting network access.

Port security

Switch security feature that restricts which MAC addresses can use a switch port.

VLAN hopping prevention

Disable unused ports, assign them to an unused VLAN, and configure access/trunk ports properly.

DHCP snooping

Switch security feature that blocks unauthorized DHCP servers and helps prevent rogue DHCP attacks.

SNMPv1

Network management protocol version 1; lacks strong security features.

CHAP

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol used for authentication in PPP connections.

Proxy server

Acts as an intermediary for client requests and can hide internal IP addresses.

NAT (Network Address Translation)

Translates private and public IP addresses, commonly allowing internal devices to access the Internet.