Segment 8 - The Three Laws of Thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy)

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another

Second law of thermodynamics

Energy always flows “downhill” to lower energy levels to a resting state, making it irreversible and increasing entropy

Third law of thermodynamics

Entropy of a system always approaches a constant value as the temperature nears zero

Where does all energy move to?

“Downhill”

Thermodynamics

The study of how the power of heat works

Who discovered the first law of thermodynamics?

James Joule

What did Joule discover about work and heat?

Work and Heat are interchangable

What device did Joule invent and what was it for?

A device that converts falling weights in water into heat

How high do you have to lift a one pound weight to warm water 1 degree Fahrenheit

772.55 feet

What is the “unit of work?”

Joule

What is 1 Joule equivalent to?

Energy to lift an apple 3 feet up

What did Joule prove about the universe?

It converts heat energy into motion or work, then back

When was the international unit for heat energy renamed the Joule?

1889

Entropy

“In turning,” all things wind down, a state of disorder

What is the term that is related to the second law of thermodynamics?

The Heat Death of the Universe

What is a Free Energy Machine?

A machine that moves forever without any additional energy, replenishes 100%

What is Absolute Zero?

-273.14 Celsius, -459.67 Fahrenheit