05.B BIO Carbohydrates BASICS (PART B)

Organic compound

Compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen and is found in living things

Macromolecule (Description)

A large molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules called monomers.

Carbohydrate (Function)

Provides short-term energy and helps to make up cell structures such as the cell membrane, cell wall and exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans.

Carbohydrate (Elements)

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; ratio 2H:1O

-ose

common suffix for sugars

sacch-

common prefix meaning sugar

-mer

suffix meaning unit

mono-

prefix for one

di-

prefix for two

poly-

prefix meaning many

Monomer

Simplest building block of a macromolecule

Polymer

Large molecule made up of smaller building blocks or monomers

Monosaccharide (Description)

Building block (monomer) of carbohydrates; chemical formula is C6H12O6

Monosaccharide (Examples)

Examples include:
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Disaccharides (Description)

A carbohydrate made up of two monosaccharides

Polysaccharide (Description)

Large carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharides

Disaccharide (Examples)

Examples include:
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

Polysaccharide (Examples)

Examples include:
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin

Starch

A polysaccharide found in plants that is used for food storage

Glycogen

A polysaccharide found in animals that is used to store carbohydrates in the liver and skeletal muscles

Cellulose

A polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plants that provides structure and support that can't be digested by humans

Hydrolysis

A chemical reactions in which water is added to break bonds

Dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which a water molecule is removed to form a bond

Macromolecule (Examples)

Examples include -
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids