DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FLASHCARDS

is pH an indicator of lipid digestion?

get because lipase breaks down triglycerides into

• fatty acid

• glycerol

therefore it can detect the presence of fatty acids, indicating lipid digestion. (lower pH)

what do bile salts do?

mechanical digestion

-normalize fat into smaller droplets, increasing surface area for lipase action.

can pH be used to detect carb digestion?

no because when carbs are broken down by amylase they become simple sugars (glucose, maltose, etc) and no acids are formed (pH stays the same)

enzyme changes environment to low pH

denatured

what is steak broken down into

proteins → amino acids (absorbed by the body)

body’s perfered energy source and biggest energy source (ATP)

prefered: carbs - quicker and easy to break down

biggest: lipids (fats)

4 layers of GI tract (SM,SM) - SERIOUSLY MUSCLES SUB MUCOUS

SEROSA, muscularis externa (outer), submucosa, mucosa (inner)

• The muscularis is responsible for peristalsis

• submucosa contains blood vessels and nerves (secretion)

• mucosa is the inner lining that absorbs nutrients.

3 sublayers of mucosa

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

• The epithelium is the innermost layer that comes into contact with digested food.

• The lamina propria is a layer of connective tissue that supports the epithelium and contains blood vessels.

• The muscularis mucosae is a thin layer of muscle that helps in the movement of the mucosa.

2 layers of muscularis externa

• longitudinal

• circular

remember

• PALATINE

• LINGUAL for tonsils - first line of immunity

ID PHOTO 100%

extrinsic vs intrinsic salivary glands

extrinsic

• parotid

• sublingual

• submandibular

intrinsic

• lingual

• labial

• buccal

main processes in digestion

1. ingestion

2. digestion

   1. mechanical/chemical

3. absorption

4. defecation

segmentation vs peristalsis

segmentation

• mechanical

• in small intestine

• SWIRLING

peristalsis

• toothpaste

• propels forward

frenulum

• lingual (tongue)

• superior labial

• inferior labial

uvula

palatine tonsil**

palate

• soft

• hard

muscles and glands in mouth

STTOMACH ID **

leads into duodenum

LARGE INTESTINE ID

remember COLIC FLEXURES

• right colic (hepatic) flexure

• left colic (splenic) flexure

HAUSTRUM

TENIA COLI

ducts ID

hepatopancreatic ampulla

two organ groups in digestive

where is skeletal muscle in muscularis externa

found in the esophagus and anus. It allows for voluntary control over swallowing and defecation.

serosa gets replaced by what is esophagus and stomach?

adventitia

food pathway

what are the chewing muscles?