AP Bio - Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

taken from online textbook for Rexelle AP Bio Class

eukaryotic cell

type of cell with a closed membrane and has organelles within

prokaryotic cell

cell that doesn’t have a membrane (it’s open) nor organelles.

Bacteria, Archaea

2 of the 3 domains that life is generally classified into. Consists of only single-celled prokaryotic organisms

Eukarya

1 of the 3 domains that life is generally classified into. Consists of Eukaryotes and is divided into three kingdoms:

• Animalia

• Fungi

• Plantae

Animalia

Eukarya kingdom that is is made up of consumers

Fungi

Eukarya kingdom made up of decomposers

Plantae

Eukarya kindgom made up of photosynthetic (capable of making their own energy) organisms

gene expression

translation of genotype into phenotype via the transcription of mRNA from DNA, to later direct protein synthsis in translation between RNA and their corresponding amino acids

amino acid

building blocks for protein. A chain of ____ is called a peptide chain as they are made up of peptide bonds

genome

The entirety of an organism’s genetic material. Comprised of DNA in organisms, while made up of RNA in some viruses

hypothesis

a testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a theory

experiment

The scientific testing of observations (hypothesis) , often under controlled environments

controlled experiment

an experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group; ideally, the two groups differ only in the factor being tested

independent variable

a factor whose value is manipulated or changed during an experiment to reveal possible effects on another factor (the dependent variable)

dependent variable

a factor whose value is measured in an experiment to see whether it is influenced by changes in another factor (the independent variable)

theories

broader explanations than hypotheses

• plethora of evidence backing it

• hypotheses often stem from _____