APUSH Time Period 7 Part 2

1932 Election

Winner = FDR

FDR

-not laissez faire

Brain Trust

experts and advisors that help FDR fight depression and helped FDR with 100 days of intense activity (which set a precedent)

Bank Holiday

FDR closes banks for 8 days to help them recover through Emergency Banking Relief Act

Fireside Chats

FDR giving radio speeches to nation explaining his policies (helped his popularity and personability)

New Deal

FDR’s plan to lessen affects of Depression—increases gov size, strength, and involvement through legislation, laws, and programs

The Bonus Army

group of veterans asking gov/Hoover to get their bonuses ahead of time during Depression

-Hoover rejects them and has them removed by military (leads to his loss in election)

Social Security Act

part of new deal that gave multiple types of benefits to people who have specific needs (controversial)

Scopes Monkey Trial

bio teacher in Tennessee put on trial for teaching evolution

New vs Old

Ku Klux Klan

reborn in 1920s—lynched and killed many African Americans (popular bc people are uncomfortable with modern developments)

Great Depression

overproduction, under consumption, and stock market speculation cause the economy to crash

Black Tuesday

day of stock market crash that caused Great Depression

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Herbert Hoover’s tariff that greatly increased duties during Great Depression

Dust Bowl

Herbert Hoover

president during Great Depression that made it worse bc he thought gov should be laissez faire

Buy on the Margin

investors only pay 10% of stocks at actual value at time of purchase meaning stock = worthless when depression hits

Hoovervilles

homeless making communities/shanty towns out of wat they can— blame Hoover for depression

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, USA, Soviet Union

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Selective Service Act

men drafted for 1st time since civil war (example of increased federal power)

Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps

Rosie the Riveter

symbol of encouraging women to work during WW2

Double V Campaign

led by A. Philip Randolph—protested discrimination in industry using war as a platform

The Double V Campaign

Japanese Internment

US gov puts people of Japanese descent in camps against their will as a result of Pearl Harbor

Domestic changes in US

German Blitzkreig

Nazi military strategy that is quick moving military attacks

D-Day

began Battle of Normandy which liberated France from German control—started allied victory in Europe

Battle of Midway

-Turning point in Pacific Theater

-Allies break Japanese code and knew Midway Island was next target

Atomic Bombs

dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima because US felt there was no other way to get Japanese surrender—wanted to stop US soldier deaths

Manhattan Project

Zimmermann Note

sent by Germany to Mexico to ally themselves against US and gain back territory lost in Mexican American war

Woodrow Wilson

President during World War 1

Woodrow Wilson

Propaganda

Great Migration

large amounts of African Americans move from South to North/Midwest

Espionage Act 1917

forbidding speaking against actions that obstruct recruitment or promotion of military

Schenck vs US

supreme court case stating that if speech poses a danger, congress can restrain it

Prohibition

banning of alcohol in the 1920s through 18th amendment and Volstead Act

-increases criminal activity and consumption goes up

Warren G Harding

considered one of the worst presidents

laissez faire

Calvin Coolidge

focused on big business-economic growth

US Economy in 20s

Harlem Renaissance

modernity and jazz developing as black Americans in the North experience cultural and economic freedom

Emergency Quota Act and Immigration Act

ends open immigration in US and regulations are put in place

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

unfair trial for Italian immigrants (instance of Nativism)

Red Scare

Anti Bolshevism as a result of Russian Revolution which increases Nativism in US

Consumer Economy in 20s/Credit

paying back over time instead of immediately—leads to depression

19th Amendment

Margaret Sanger

radical contraceptive advocate—showed womens’ advancement

Palmer Raids

deportations done as part of first Red Scare

Kellog-Briand Pact

peace pact after World War 1 to prevent war (did not stop WW2)

Migrant Mother

photo taken of a mother during Great Depression

Three Rs

Relief for unemployed, economic Recovery, Reforms to prevent another depression

Alphabet Soup

different types of policies in FDRs new deal that known as this because of their acronyms

FDR’s Court Packing Bill

Non Aggression Pact

agreement between Soviet Union and Germany to not attack one another that Hitler eventually violates

FDR Quarantine Speech

Lend-Lease Act

FDR lending supplies to British to fight Germans

Sedition Act 1917

a crime to speak against war bc it will hinder war effort

Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps

first time gov encourages women to join military (in support roles)