motivation

Intrinsic Motivation

Driven by internal rewards such as autonomy.

Extrinsic Motivation

Driven by external rewards such as money.

Drive Reduction Theory

The idea that need creates an aroused tension state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Yerkes Dodson Law

Increased arousal can improve performance, but excessive arousal can diminish performance.

Overjustification Effect

A phenomenon where being rewarded for doing something diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action.

Approach-Approach Conflict

A conflict within a person where they need to decide between 2 appealing goals.

Display Rule

Culturally learned norms dictating how to manage and express emotions in social situations.

Broaden and Build Theory of Emotion

Positive emotions broaden an individual's momentary mindset, promoting curiosity and creativity.

James Lange Theory of Emotion

The theory suggesting physical changes occur before associated emotions.

Experience and Emotions

Experience provides a mental database that helps interpret, label, and predict emotional reactions.

Id, Ego, and Superego

The ego balances the id’s immediate gratification with the superego's moral constraints, forming personality.

Neo-Freudians

Psychologists who accepted unconscious influences but disagreed with Freud's focus on instinctual drives.

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious strategies used to shield the ego from anxiety, such as rationalization.

Carl Rogers

A psychologist known for the theory of self, which is an organized set of beliefs about ourselves.

Unconditional Positive Regard

Acceptance necessary for developing a healthy self-concept and pursuing self-actualization.

Behavioralists Model

Focuses on direct, objective consequences of behavior, ignoring mental states.

Cognitive Model

Views the environment as information processed by the mind, focusing on individual interpretation.

Big Five Personality Factors - Openness

Imaginative vs Practical or Independent vs conforming

Big Five Personality Factors - Conscientiousness

Organized vs disorganized or Careful vs Careless

Big Five Personality Factors - Extraversion

Sociable vs retiring or fun-loving vs somber

Big Five Personality Factors - Agreeableness

Softhearted vs retiring or Funloving vs somber

Big Five Personality Factors - Neuroticism

Calm vs anxious or Secure vs Insecure