Micro Test 3

In the Calvin cycle, what is needed for 1 glucose?

6 CO2, 18 ATP, 12 NADPH

1. If ΔG0’ is negative, the reaction is

exergonic and requires the input of

energy.

endergonic and requires the input of

energy.

exergonic and energy will be released.

endergonic and energy will be released.

exergonic and energy will be released.

2. The change in free energy for a

particular reaction is most useful in

determining

the amount of energy catalysts required

for biosynthesis or catabolism.

the potential metabolic reaction rate.

whether there will be a requirement or

production of energy.

energy stored in each compound.

whether there will be a requirement or

production of energy.

3. Activation energy is the energy

required for a chemical reaction to

begin.

given off as the products in a

chemical reaction are formed.

absorbed as ΔG moves from negative

to positive.

needed by an enzyme to catalyze a

reaction without coenzymes.

required for a chemical reaction to

begin

4. The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway is

another name for

the citric acid cycle.

glycolysis.

electron transport.

NADH production.

glycolysis.

5. The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose

fermented is

1.

2.

4.

8.

2.

6. The portion of an enzyme to which

substrates bind is referred to as the

substrate complex.

active site.

catalytic site.

junction of van der Waals forces.

active site.

7. Which intermediate compound(s) in the citric

acid cycle is/are often used for biosynthetic

pathways as well as carbon catabolism?

Only α-ketoglutarate

Only oxaloacetate

Only succinyl-CoA

α-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, and succinyl-CoA

α-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, and succinyl-CoA

8. Which metabolic strategy does NOT invoke

the proton motive force for energy conservation?

Aerobic catabolism

Fermentation

Chemoorganotrophy

Photoautotrophy

Fermentation

9. In the electron transport chain how

many ATP molecules are produced

from each NADH during respiration?

2

3

4

5

3

10. The Calvin cycle

is responsible for the fixation of CO2

into cell material.

utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP.

requires RuBisCO.

All of the above.

All of the above.

11. When 12 G3P molecules are formed in the

Calvin cycle how many ATPs and NADPH

molecules are used?

3 and 3

9 and 6

6 and 9

18 and 12

18 and 12

12. The most important high-energy

phosphate compound in living organisms is

_______.

RNA

GTP

Glucose

ATP

ATP

13. Which two metabolic processes are most

dissimilar?

Citric acid cycle and glycolysis

Glycolysis and carbon fixation

Proton motive force and substrate-level

phosphorylation

Carbon fixation and nitrogen fixation

Glycolysis and carbon fixation

1. Whether an organism is classified as a

photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends

on its

energy source.

carbon source.

oxygen requirements.

carbon and energy sources.

carbon source.

2. In photosynthesis, NADH and NADPH are

produced from NAD+ and NADP+ by

oxidation reactions.

reduction reactions.

both oxidation and reduction reactions.

neither oxidation nor reduction reactions.

reduction reactions.

3. At some of the lowest light concentrations,

________ can still grow well due to their ________,

which effectively harvest photons for energy.

green bacteria / antenna pigments

green bacteria / chlorosomes

purple bacteria / antenna pigments

purple bacteria / chlorosome

green bacteria / chlorosomes

4. Two separate photosystems involved in

electron flow is a hallmark of

anoxygenic phototrophs.

green sulfur bacteria.

oxygenic phototrophs.

purple bacteria.

oxygenic phototrophs.

5. The path of electron flow in oxygenic

phototrophs is referred to as the ________

scheme.

E

S

Q

Z

Z

6. The Calvin cycle

is responsible for the fixation of CO2

into cell material.

utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP.

requires RuBisCO.

uses CO2, NAD(P)H, and ATP to

make biomass with RuBisCO.

uses CO2, NAD(P)H, and ATP to

make biomass with RuBisCO.

7. The only organisms that perform

photosynthesis are ones that produce some

form of

chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll.

carotenoids.

phycoerythrin.

phycocyanin.

chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll.

8. Which of the following reactions is classified

as a heterofermentation?

Hexose 2 lactate + 2 H+

HCOOH H2 + CO2

Glucose lactate + ethanol + CO2 + H+

Fructose 3 acetate + 3 H+

Glucose lactate + ethanol + CO2 + H+

9. In Bacteria, the most common oxidized form

of nitrogen is ________ and of sulfur is

________.

nitrate / sulfate

nitrate / sulfite

nitrite / sulfate

nitrite / sulfite

nitrate / sulfate

10. What metabolism would be favored when

there is a lack of electron acceptors?

Fermentation

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

Anoxic ammonia oxidation

Acetogenesis

Fermentation

11. The Calvin cycle provides autotrophs the

ability to convert inorganic carbon into

biomass and generate energy during this

process.

True

False

False

12. Photosystem I is responsible for splitting a

water molecule in the first step of oxygenic

electron flow.

True

False

False

1. Functional traits can be shared between organisms

with divergent SSU rRNA gene sequences because

functional traits may be lost by different lineages over

time.

functional traits may evolve independently in different

lineages over time.

horizontal gene transfer can result in the transfer of genes

between divergent lineages.

functional traits may evolve independently, be shared

through horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent

lineages.

functional traits may evolve independently, be shared

through horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent

lineages.

2. What form of photosynthesis

evolved first on Earth?

Oxygenic

Anoxygenic

Autotrophic

Heterotrophic

Anoxygenic

3. The only group of oxygenic

phototrophic bacteria are the

green nonsulfur bacteria.

Chloroflexi.

Cyanobacteria.

Chlorobi

Cyanobacteria.

4. Which group of bacteria would you expect to

find in a shallow clear hot spring with high

concentrations of geochemically produced

hydrogen sulfide?

Purple sulfur bacteria

Single-celled Cyanobacteria

Dissimulative sulfate-reducing bacteria

Symbiotic diazotroph

Purple sulfur bacteria

5. Considering the relationship between oxidizers and

reducers, which of the following pairs of microorganisms

are NOT likely to form close associations or consortia?

Purple sulfur bacteria and dissimilative sulfur-reducers

Dissimilative sulfur-reducers and dissimilative sulfur-

oxidizers

Diazotrophs and fungi

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and dissimilative sulfate-

reducers

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and dissimilative sulfate-

reducers

6. Nitrogen fixation is

rare among microorganisms.

widespread among microorganisms.

limited to Proteobacteria.

common in Bacteria, but absent in Archaea.

widespread among microorganisms.

7. Purple sulfur bacteria are

alphaproteobacteria that oxidize hydrogen sulfide in the

presence of oxygen or nitrate.

gammaproteobacteria that use hydrogen sulfide as an

electron donor for photosynthesis.

a phylogenetically heterogeneous group of microbes that

reduce sulfate to sulfur.

thermophilic bacteria that reduce elemental sulfur to

sulfide.

gammaproteobacteria that use hydrogen sulfide as an

electron donor for photosynthesis.

8. Diazotrophs maximize nitrogenase activity by

closely coupling N2 fixation with high rates of photosynthesis.

fixing N2 at times when oxygen is absent or in low

concentrations.

producing specialized structures to protect nitrogenase from

oxygen.

producing specialized structures for fixing N2 at times when

oxygen is absent to protect nitrogenase from oxygen.

oxygen is absent to protect nitrogenase from oxygen.

9. Epibiotic predators

obtain nutrients by attaching to the surface of

prey.

invade the cytoplasm of their prey.

invade the periplasmic space of their prey.

find prey using swarming behavior.

obtain nutrients by attaching to the surface of

prey.

10. Spirilla and spirochetes are closely related

bacteria that exhibit a unique corkscrew

motility.

True

False

False