Victimology and Related Crimes

These flashcards cover key concepts from victimology and different types of crime, including definitions and significant theories related to victimization and criminal behavior.

What is Victimology?

A field of study that developed out of criminology focusing on the scientific study of all aspects of criminal victims.

What are the main types of victim perception?

Passive and Active.

What is the difference between victim facilitation and victim provocation?

Victim facilitation refers to failing to take precautions against victimization, while victim provocation involves the victim being the initial aggressor.

What demographic is typically associated with violent victimization?

Young, black, male individuals from a socioeconomic disadvantage living in inner city areas.

What does the term 'Polyvictimization' refer to?

Multiple instances of varied victimization.

What is secondary victimization?

Social injuries resulting from the response of social institutions and individuals to the victim.

What percentage of homicides did Marvin Wolfgang find to be the result of active victim precipitation?

26%.

What are the six victim types identified by Benjamin Mendelsohn?

1. Completely innocent, 2. Victim with minor guilt, 3. Victim as guilty as offender, 4. Victim more guilty than offender, 5. Voluntary victims, 6. Imaginary victims.

What is the Lifestyle Theory in relation to victimization?

It suggests that certain repetitive patterns of everyday activities can increase the likelihood of victimization.

What does Routine Activity Theory emphasize regarding crime?

Crime is facilitated by the convergence of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and a lack of capable guardians.

What differentiates homicide from murder?

Homicide is the purposeful killing of a human being by another, while murder is unlawful homicide.

What are primary homicides characterized by?

They most frequently involve family, friends, or acquaintances and are often considered expressive homicides.

What is the Subculture of Violence Thesis?

It emphasizes the importance of critical masses within a community that support the existence of subcultures.

What distinguishes mass murderers from serial killers?

Mass murderers kill three or more individuals in a single event or over a short period, often in familiar places.

What are the contributing factors to violent crime as identified in the lecture?

Predisposers, precipitants, and facilitators.

What does 'deviant places theory' suggest about victimization?

Victimization is most frequent in socially disorganized, high-crime areas.

What is the definition of white collar crime according to Edwin Sutherland?

Violation of criminal law committed by persons of respectability and high status in the course of their occupation.

What types of crimes fall under corporate crime?

Violations of criminal law for the benefit of a corporation or business entity.

What are some types of financial crimes?

Money laundering, corporate/insurance/healthcare fraud, theft of intellectual property, and security and commodities fraud.