Land-Based Empires Expand

What were Gunpowder Empires?

I. These empires were land-based

II. Each empire was expanding geographically

III. Main cause of that expansion was the adoption of gunpowder weapons

Who did the gunpowder empires consist of?

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires

What were the reasons for Ottoman Expansion

I. Strategic control of the Dardanelles

II. Adoption and development of gunpowder weapons

What did the Ottomans do to Constantinople?

Mehmed the II used their gunpowder weapons to invade the city, renaming it to Istanbul.

What was the main thing that made the Safavid Empire different from the Ottomans and Mughals?

The Safavids declared themselves a Shi’a Muslim state

What was the division of Islam?

Islam was divided after the death of Muhammad between the Shia who believed that Muhammad’s successor must be a blood relative, and the Sunnis who believed that Muhammad’s successor could be elected

Which state did the Mughal Empire replace?

The Delhi Sultanate

What made Akbar so great?

Akbar was a masterful administrator of the Mughal Empire and under his leadership, the Mughal became the most prosperous empire of the 16th century

What Dynasty came after the Yuan Dynasty?

The Ming Dynasty

What did the Ming Dynasty do to China?

They established a truly chinese dynasty again, even expanding their borders through the use of gunpowder

What happened to the Ming Dynasty?

The Ming Dynasty had been fracturing due to internal and external factors and a group of people called the Manchu people took advantage of this establishing their own dynasty, the Qing Dynasty

What distinguished the Manchu people from majority of China’s population?

The Manchu were not ethnically Han, this would later cause some tension

What were the main reasons for rivalries between the states?

It was mainly caused by religion and politics

What was the Safavid-Mughal conflict?

A clash between the Safavid Empire and the Mughal Empire over both land and religion since the Safavids were Shia, and the Mughals were Sunnis. There was no clear victor.