Hematology Lecture Notes Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, diagnostic criteria, and pathogenetic mechanisms of major hematological disorders as described in the provided textbook transcript.

Anemia

A clinical-hematological syndrome characterized by a reduction in total hemoglobin concentration ($≤ 130.0\,g/l$ for men and $≤ 120.0\,g/l$ for women) and often a decrease in red blood cells per unit volume.

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

An index representing average red blood cell size; normocytes range from $80-100\,fl$, while microcytes are $≤ 80\,fl$ and macrocytes are $≥ 100\,fl$.

Reticulocytes

Immature red blood cells used to assess the erythropoietic function of bone marrow; normal content is $0.5\%-1.2\%$.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

A syndrome resulting from an insufficient supply of iron for erythropoiesis, lead ing to decreased hemoglobin and specific symptoms like coilonychia and glossitis.

Ferritin

A water-soluble complex of ferric hydroxide and apoferritin primarily deposited in the liver and muscles as iron reserves.

Sideroblastic Anemia

A group of disorders involving abnormal iron deposition in mitochondria, characterized by the presence of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow.

Intrinsic Factor (IF)

An essential glycoprotein secreted in the stomach necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the small intestine.

Hereditary Spherocytosis

A hemolytic anemia caused by defects in red blood cell membrane proteins (like spectrin or ankyrin), resulting in spherical cell shape and shorter lifespan.

Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA)

A hereditary hemolytic disease caused by a point mutation in the ̢-globin gene, lead ing to the production of abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) that polymerizes under low oxygen conditions.

Thalassemia

A genetic disorder where the synthesis of either ̑ or ̢ globin chains is reduced or absent, causing premature red blood cell death.

Aplastic Anemia

A rare condition characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow, often due to an immune-mediated failure of hematopoietic stem cells.

Hemostasis

The biological system responsible for preventing and stopping bleeding through vascular-platelet (primary) and coagulation (secondary) mechanisms.

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

An acquired immune-mediated disease defined by isolated thrombocytopenia ($≤ 100.0 \times 10^{9}/l$) resulting from autoantibody-mediated platelet destruction.

Hemophilia A

A hereditary coagulation disorder caused by a deficiency or reduction in the function of coagulation Factor VIII.

Acute Leukemia

A clonal neoplastic disease of hematopoietic tissue characterized by the accumulation of immature blast cells ($> 20\%$) in the bone marrow.

Philadelphia Chromosome

A cytogenetic marker characterized by the translocation $t(9;22)(q34;q11)$, which creates the $BCR-ABL$ fusion gene characteristic of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

A malignancy involving the accumulation of long-lived, non-functional B-lymphocytes, commonly diagnosed when peripheral lymphocytosis reaches $≥ 5.0 \times 10^{9}/l$.

Polycythemia Vera (PV)

A chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm involving the elevated formation of red blood cells, often associated with the JAK2 V617F mutation.

Multiple Myeloma

A clonal lymphoproliferative disease defined by malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow that produce monoclonal immunoglobulins and cause osteolytic bone lesions.

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

A neoplastic lymphoproliferative disease characterized by the presence of B-lymphoid cells and the production of monoclonal pentamer IgM.