1. Ovid: Life and Historical Context

Q: When was Ovid born?

A: 43 BC, a year after the murder of Julius Caesar.

Q: What historical events coincided with Ovid’s early life?

A: The civil wars following Julius Caesar’s death, ending when Octavius (later Augustus) obtained full power as Emperor.

Q: How did the political environment shape Ovid’s life?

A: Most of his life was spent in peace and prosperity under Augustus, but all real power resided with the Emperor.

Q: What was Ovid’s family background?

A: Wealthy; he did not need to pursue a profession.

Q: What career did Ovid choose?

A: He devoted himself to literature and the pleasures of Roman elite society (attending parties, love and romance, baths, music and other pastimes)

Q: What were Ovid’s early literary works?

A: Mainly love poetry (lacking directness and strong emotion) and poetry based on myths and legends.

Q: When and why was Ovid exiled?

A: In 8 AD by Emperor Augustus; exact reasons unclear, but likely due to scandalous writings, disrespect toward Augustus, and possible involvement in a scandal.

Q: Where was Ovid exiled? Describe the location.

A: Tomi, on the shores of the Black Sea; a remote trading city and garrison (guarding soldiers) on the edge of Scythia, inhabited by uncivilized, nomadic tribes.

Q: What challenges did Ovid face in Tomi?

A: Few spoke Latin; he learned the local language. The area was dangerous, especially in winter when the Danube froze (major river in Europe), allowing barbarian crossings.

Q: Did Ovid see his family after exile?

A: No. His wife stayed in Rome hoping for his release; his daughter was married and lived elsewhere. Ovid never saw them again.