Ap psyc unit 5.4

anxiety disorders

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

bipolar disorders

disorders marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression

depressive disorders

general category of mood disorders in which people show extreme and persistent sadness, despair, and loss of interest in life's usual activities.

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Difficulty managing food intake such as a life-threatening failure to maintain sufficient body weight

neurodevelopmental disorders

a group of conditions manifested early in development that are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Disorders that include obsessive thoughts and/or unwanted behavior. Includes: obsessive-compulsive disorder, hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder.

personality disorders

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders

severe disorders in which there are disturbances of thoughts, communications, and emotions, including delusions and hallucinations

trauma and stressor related disorders

a group of disorders in which exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is followed by psychological distress.

antisocial personality disorder

a personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

avoidant personality disorder

A personality disorder characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation.

borderline personality disorder

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

borderline personality disorder cluster a

paranoid - overly suspicious, schizoid - detachment from people, and schizotypical - discomfort with close relationships

borderline personality disorder cluster b

a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures. Antisocial, borderline, and histrionic personality disorders.

borderline personality disorder cluster c

Anxious or fearful thinking/behavior. Avoidant, Dependant, and OCPD.

Dependant Personality Disorder (Cluster C)

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of.

Histronic Personality Disorder (Cluster B)

lots of emotion, wants all the attention, care about their appearance "look at me i’m beautiful"

-dramatic, emotional, exaggerated person

-become upset by sad news

Narcissistic personality disorder

characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, and control

paranoid personality disorder

type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others

Schizoid Personality Disorder (Cluster A)

a personality disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion

Schizotypical Personality Disorder (Cluster A)

a personality disorder characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd forms of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity before the age of 12

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed to prevent or reduce anxiety.

Hoarding disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value

Obsessions

persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress

obsessive-compulsive disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions).

Acrophobia

fear of heights

Agorophobia

fear of open spaces

Arachnophobia

fear of spiders

Ataque de nervios ("attack of nerves")

similar to panic disorder, but may include symptoms like aggression/screaming and suicidal impulses

Generalized anxiety disorder

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Learned associations

• Learned to associate a stimulus with a shock, the stimulus becomes a fear signal.

Panic attack

sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying

Phobia

fear

social anxiety disorder

intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such

Taijin Kyofusho

a form of social anxiety common in Japan involving a fear of offending or embarrassing others with one's odor, eye contact, or appearance.

bipolar 1 disorder

alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes

bipolar 2 disorder

a disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods

cycling bipolar disorder

changing form mania, depression, and hyper mania) cycle length varies from days to months

Mania

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Dissociation

Disconnect from thoughts, feelings, memories, or identity as a way to cope with stress or trauma

Dissociative amnesia

Dissociative disorder characterized by the sudden and extensive inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature.

Dissociative amnesia with fugue

disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress accompanied by moving and assuming a new identity

dissociatve identity disorder

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

Absorbtion

tendency to become deeply immersed in their own thoughts, sensory experiences, and mental imagery, often to the point of reduced awareness of the external environment

altered consumption

Altered consumption

changed the way food was eaten by not eating enough leading to malnutrition

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Catatonia

state of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time

catatonic stupor

an immobile, expressionless, coma-like state associated with schizophrenia

Delusions

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Delusions of grandeur

belief that you enjoy greater power and influence than you do

delusions of persecution

the belief that the person is being deliberately interfered with, discriminated against, plotted against, or threatened

Disorganized Motor Behavior

highly unusual behaviors and movements (such as child-like behaviors), repeated and purposeless movements, and displaying odd facial expressions and gestures

disorganized speech

a severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently among unrelated topics

Dopamine hypothesis

the theory that schizophrenia results from excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine

flat affect

a lack of emotional responsiveness

Hallucinations

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Negative symptoms for schizophrenia

Loss of normal traits/behaviors; emotional flatness, can't speak fluently, can't care for self, catatonic stupor

Positive symptoms for schizophrenia

delusions and hallucinations

word salad

Incoherent mixture of words, phrases, and sentences

Depression

A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness

Major depressive disorder

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

persistent depressive disorder

a disorder in which people experience a depressed mood on more days than not for at least two years.

Emotional Detachment

Inability to connect emotionally with others.

Flashbacks (PTSD)

feel like in trauma, memories seem to happen in the here and now, reexperiencing traumatic memory

Hostility

the intentional use of unfriendly or offensive behavior

Hypervigilance

state of ongoing anxiety in which the person is constantly tense and alert for threats

Insomnia

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

severe anxiety

an increased level of anxiety, defensive responses ensue, and cognitive skills decrease significantly; person with severe anxiety has trouble thinking and reasoning