G3 Urban Environments

G.3.1 Urban Microclimate

Macro: plan/region, Meso:city, Micro:neighbioorhood
Microclimate: clim of restricted area, diff from surrounding

Urban Heat Island: less plant evapotranspiration, more CO2, more reflecition and absorption of light → hotter in city.

Trees cool a place down

Also get smog → ashtma and breathing probles

Wind: move around the heat to suburbs

Air quality worse in LICs:

manage: reduce emis, burn less ff, use public trans, car pool, cycl,

G3.2 Urban Stress

As city grows; more:

1. Traffic congestion

2. Urban Microclimates

3. Lack of green space

4. Competition for land:

5. Crime

6. Social inequalities

G3.3 Contested land use

When conflicting views on land use: competitive demand for land and conflict.Eg. Slum clearance Rio Olympics, thefck… Rich buy/own parts & displace poor, but make area safer, less crime, high house prise, land value high

Land is contested bc of….: economic value, ethnicity, religion, cultural value

G3.4 Traffic congestion

As city grows; more:

Traffic congestion:
- Varies per day time week season; Rush hours 7-9 & 5-7.
- TPI: transport perform index: 0(++)→10(-)
- Causes economic loss: loss in time, noise levels, more fuel consump, repar road.
- Manage using traffic lights, and use laws, restrict zones, price road, improve cyc/public trans

G3.5 Depletion of green spaces

Green = vital to city: improve air qual, lower T, improve wellbeing →

Solutions: living roofs, redevelop brownsite, protect greenspace

G3.6 Urban Crime

Majority of global crime = urban area.- most in deprived areas

Manage: more polce, improve lightning, more women-only stuff, educat, liv standard/conditions