Chapter 4: Digital technology - Making the Difference

Digital Technology

1. uses of: [ErinSangatNakDuitAlot]

• electronic devices

• systems

• networks

• software

• data analytics

• AI and smart devices

2. Digital information is represented using binary code: 0s and 1s.

3. Supports: [GirlsPleaseStopSlaying]

• generating

• processing

• storage

• sharing of information

4. Improves: [CatsAreEverythingInAworld]

• communication

• automation

• efficiency

• innovation

• access to information

Key Components of Digital Technology

1. HARDWARE:

• Physical devices — computers, smartphones, sensors, servers, processors, storage and networking equipment.

2. SOFTWARE:

• Programs and applications — operating systems, browsers, mobile apps, enterprise systems and analytical tools.

3. DATA

• Digital Information — text, images, audio, video, sensor readings and transactions

From Analog to Digital

1. Analog

• info represented using continuous signals and physical media

2. Digital

• info encoded into binary form — easier processing, storage, reproduction

3. Difference [FasterErinGreaterIncome]

• faster communication

• efficient storage

• greater accuracy

• increased automation

Digital Technology Across Sectors

[HariCeninErinBayarSemuaEtokEtok]

1. Health/Wealth — telemedicine, EHR, wearables devices (improve healthcare delivery) and AI diagnostics (early disease detection & personalised treatment)

2. Communication — messaging, video conferencing and digital publication (real-time/low-cost/faster distributions) [Microsoft Teams, Zoom, WhatsApp]

3. Education/Reseach — E-learning, LMS, databases and data analysis (global knowledge resources/improve data analysis, collaboration and productivity)

4. Banking/Finance — digital banking, e-wallets, QR payments (enable cashless), blockchain (new approaches to decentralised transactions)

5. Social/Entertainment — SocMed, streaming (access to music, movies and others), VR/AR and digital content (reshape communications & social interaction)

6. Economic/Business — E-commerce, cloud (customer management and collaboration) , digital marketing, RPA and remote work (collaboration tools support remote work)

7. Engineering/Manufacturing — Robotics, IoT (enable real time machine monitoring, quality control and supply chain visibility), 3D printing (Supports rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing), Industry 4.0

Challenges of Digital Technology

[DoubleDChopsEarning]

1. digital divide — unequal access to reliable internet and digital devices

2. Data Privacy — personal information may be collected, shared or misused

3. Cybersecurity — connectivity increases exposure to hacking, identity theft and ransomware

4. Ethical Dilemmas — surveillance and AI decisions raise questions about fairness and rights

Opportunities for Innovation

[SayaCumaAqilEater]

1. supports startups and news business models — e-commerce, fintech, subscriptions

2. create new services — healthcare, education, finance

3. allows businesses to access global markets without physical presence

4. enables entrepreneurship, collaboration, and technology driven economic. growth

Ethical Considerations

[AliTamparPerempuanHanyaErindiSayangi]

1. AI Bias — biased raining data can produce unfair outcomes

2. Transparency — should be explainable and accountable

3. Privacy & Security — organisations should safeguard personal information

4. Human Values — should respect dignity, well-being and freedom

5. Employment — automation increases the need for retraining and reskilling

6. Social good — can help address challenges such as poverty and education.