Focus on the Environment – Nuclear Energy (Chapter Notes)

Flashcards covering key concepts related to nuclear energy and radioactivity.

What is radioactivity?

The process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation.

What is the symbol for alpha

4 He

2

what is the symbol for beta

0 B

-1

What is the symbol for gamma

Y

What are parent and daughter isotopes?

A parent isotope is the original radioactive isotope, while a daughter isotope is the product of radioactive decay of the parent.

What types of radiation are associated with radioactivity?

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiation.

What is the penetrating power of Alpha radiation?

Very low but can be ingested or inhaled.

What level of ionizing power does Alpha radiation possess?

Very high, capable of causing serious damage to tissues.

What can be used to shield against Alpha radiation?

Paper, skin, or clothing.

What is the penetrating power of Beta radiation?

Intermediate.

What is the ionizing power of Beta radiation?

Intermediate.

What is used for shielding against Beta radiation?

Aluminum.

What is the penetrating power of Gamma radiation?

Very high.

What is the ionizing power of Gamma radiation?

Very low but still can be dangerous.

What materials can shield Gamma radiation?

At least 2 inches of lead.

What is nuclear fission?

The process of splitting a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei, releasing energy.

What is a fissile isotope?

An isotope capable of sustaining a fission chain reaction.

How is Uranium used for energy different from natural uranium?

Enriched uranium contains a higher proportion of the fissile isotope U-235 compared to natural uranium.

What happens to energy in a nuclear reactor?

A chain reaction releases a vast amount of energy when enough unstable fissile isotopes are created.

What caused the meltdown at Three Mile Island?

A combination of equipment malfunctions and operator errors.

What is the main disadvantage of nuclear fission reactors?

The production of radioactive waste that must be managed.

What happens to spent fuel rods?

They must be stored securely as they remain radioactive.

What caused the Chernobyl meltdown in 1986?

A flawed reactor design and inadequately trained staff combined with operational mistakes.