week4 lecture exam additional information

What protein Is found in a thyroid follicle?

thyroglobulin

What are the 2 hormones that regular basal metabolic rates?

T3 and T4

Function of calcitonin?

decreases blood calcium levels

How does calcitonin decrease blood calcium levels?

inhibits osteoclasts and increases calcium excretion in kidneys

What effect is the presence of one hormone is required for another hormone to excrete its full energy on target cell?

permissive effect

What effect do hormones have opposing effects on the body?

antagonistic effect

What effects is hormones that work together to produce an effect that’s greater than on their own?

synergic effect

What does norepinpherine stimulate in brown adipose tissue?

lipolysis (breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids)

What hormones release fatty acids from adipose tissue during fasting?

insulin

catecholamines

glucagon

growth hormone

What hormones have an anabolic effect on protein metabolism?

insulin

growth hormone

testosterone/estrogen

What cases an enlarged thyroid gland?

iodide deficiency, goiter, graves disease, hashimotes, nodules, cancer

What effect does the thyroid hormone have on the body?

increases metabolism and supports normal growth and development

What does someone with bulging eyes have, and why does this occur?

Grave’s disease, secreting excessive thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

What is cretinism?

infant has too little thyroid hormones at birth or during infancy → hypothyroidism

What occurs in Grave’s Disease and some of the symptoms?

over production of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism)

goiter, building eyes, weight loss, heat intolerance

What occurs in Addison’s disease and the symptoms?

adrenal cortex does not produce enough cortisol

fatigue, weight less, decrease bp, increase skin pigmentation

Does stress increase, decrease or no effect gluconeogensis?

increases gluconeogensis

What are the hormones in the adrenal glands?

cortisol, aldosterone, adrenal androgens, epinephrine, norepinephrine

What occurs in Cushing’s disease and the symptoms?

pituitary secretes too much ACTH which leads to too much cortisol

moon face, buffalo hump, obesity

where are beta cells 1-3 found

beta 1: found in heart

beta 2: found in lungs, blood vessels and uterus

beta 3: found in adipose tissue and bladder