Finals Flashcards: ARTHROPODS AND ECHINODERMS

Arthropod

An invertebrate with a segmented body, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton.

Characteristics of Arthropods

Segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry, open circulatory system, and molting.

Chilopoda

Class of arthropods that includes centipedes.

Examples of Chilopoda

Centipedes.

Characteristics of Chilopoda

One pair of legs per segment and carnivorous.

Diplopoda

Class of arthropods that includes millipedes.

Examples of Diplopoda

Millipedes.

Characteristics of Diplopoda

Two pairs of legs per segment and herbivorous/detritivorous.

Arachnida

Class of arthropods that includes spiders and scorpions.

Examples of Arachnida

Spiders, ticks, scorpions.

Characteristics of Arachnida

Four pairs of legs and no antennae.

Insecta

Class of arthropods that includes insects.

Examples of Insecta

Grasshoppers, butterflies, beetles.

Characteristics of Insecta

Three body sections, six legs, and one pair of antennae.

Crustacea

Class of arthropods that includes crabs, lobsters, and crayfish.

Examples of Crustacea

Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish.

Characteristics of Crustacea

Two pairs of antennae and mostly aquatic.

Compound Eye

An eye made of many individual lenses.

Exoskeleton

A hard outer covering that supports and protects the body.

Appendage

A jointed structure such as a leg, antenna, or claw.

Molting

Shedding the exoskeleton to allow growth.

Antenna

Sensory structures used for touch, smell, and taste.

Cephalothorax

The fused head and thorax of a crustacean.

Abdomen

The posterior body region behind the cephalothorax.

Chelipeds

Large claws used for defense and capturing food.

Swimmerets

Small appendages used for swimming and reproduction.

Telson

The tail structure used in movement.

Uropods

Appendages on either side of the telson that help with swimming.

Green Glands

Excretory organs of crayfish.

Open Circulatory System

A circulatory system in which blood is not always contained within vessels.

Function of Chelipeds

Capture food and provide defense.

Function of Swimmerets

Aid swimming and reproduction.

Function of the Telson

Helps propel the crayfish backward.

Function of Uropods

Help with steering and swimming.

Function of Green Glands

Remove wastes from the body.

Grasshopper

An insect with three body regions and six legs.

Head (Grasshopper)

Contains the brain, eyes, and mouthparts.

Thorax

Middle body region where legs and wings attach.

Abdomen (Grasshopper)

Contains digestive and reproductive organs.

Malpighian Tubules

Excretory structures that remove wastes in insects.

Function of Malpighian Tubules

Remove nitrogenous wastes and maintain water balance.

Echinoderm

A marine invertebrate with spiny skin and a water vascular system.

Echinoderm Means

Spiny skin.

Examples of Echinoderms

Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers.

Adult Echinoderm Symmetry

Radial symmetry (usually five

Characteristics of Echinoderms

Spiny skin, water vascular system, tube feet, and radial symmetry.

Water Vascular System

A system of fluid

Tube Feet

Small structures used for movement, feeding, and attachment.

Pedicellariae

Tiny pincer

Madreporite

The opening where water enters the water vascular system.

Ampulla

A bulb

Skin Gills

Structures used for gas exchange.

Oral Surface

The side containing the mouth.

Aboral Surface

The side opposite the mouth.

Sea Star

An echinoderm commonly called a starfish.

Function of Tube Feet

Movement, feeding, and attachment.

Function of the Madreporite

Allows water into the water vascular system.

Function of the Ampulla

Controls extension and retraction of tube feet.

Function of Pedicellariae

Protect and clean the body surface.

Function of Skin Gills

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Difference Between Oral and Aboral Surfaces

The oral surface contains the mouth; the aboral surface is opposite the mouth.